Kamrosni Abdul Razak
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Preferred name
Kamrosni Abdul Razak
Official Name
Razak, Kamrosni Abdul
Alternative Name
Abdul Razak, Kamrosni
Razak, K. Abdul
Razak, Kamrosni Ab
Razak, Kamrosni Abdul
Razak, K. A.
Abdul Razak, K.
K., Abdul Razak
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Scopus Author ID
57207592874
Researcher ID
DNW-1117-2022

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  • Publication
    Effect of temperature and amount of Ag on TiO₂ thin film synthesised via sol–gel method
    (Springer, 2025-02)
    Dewi Suriyani Che Halin
    ;
    Kamrosni Abdul Razak
    ;
    Dharshini Karikalan
    ;
    Lukasz Kaczmarek
    ;
    Sebastian Miszczak
    ;
    Ayu Wazira Azhari
    ;
    Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh
    ;
    Nur Izzati Muhammad Nadzri
    ;
    Juyana A. Wahab
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    TiO₂ sol was produced via the sol–gel method with different amounts of AgNO₃ as the source of Ag. The Ag/TiO₂ thin film was obtained by spin coating and was annealed at various annealing temperatures (300°C, 400°C and 500°C) for 1 h. The effect of different amounts of AgNO₃ and different annealing temperatures on the TiO₂ thin films was studied by characterising the phase composition, surface morphology and water contact angle. Results from the x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern show that with the addition of AgNO₃, Ag/TiO₂ can be formed at low annealing temperatures (300°C). At increased annealing temperatures (400°C and 500°C) and amounts of AgNO₃ (1.0 ml and 1.5 ml), Ag₂O and Ag₃O4 phases were observed. Flakes or flaky islands were formed on the thin film due to thermal expansion mismatch between the film and substrate, residual stress within the film or the release of volatile species when annealed at a low temperature of ⁓300°C. Increasing the temperature to 500°C resulted in the growth and coalescence of the flaky islands by the surface diffusion of adsorbed atoms (adatoms) and their annexation to the surface of existing nuclei. The water contact angle provides valuable insight into the surface interactions between water droplets and the surface of Ag/TiO₂ thin films. It was found that at 1.5 ml AgNO₃, the increased annealing temperature from 300°C to 500°C decreased the water contact angle of Ag/TiO₂ thin films from 83.86° to 34.62°, forming superhydrophilic properties, which indicated its excellent potential as a photocatalyst.
  • Publication
    Microstructure evolution of Ag/TiO₂ thin film
    ( 2021)
    Dewi Suriyani Che Halin
    ;
    Kamrosni Abdul Razak
    ;
    Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh
    ;
    Mohd Izrul Izwan Ramli
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Ayu Wazira Azhari
    ;
    Kazuhiro Nogita
    ;
    Hideyuki Yasuda
    ;
    Marcin Nabiałek
    ;
    Jerzy J. Wysłocki
    Ag/TiO₂ thin films were prepared using the sol-gel spin coating method. The microstructural growth behaviors of the prepared Ag/TiO₂ thin films were elucidated using real-time synchrotron radiation imaging, its structure was determined using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), its morphology was imaged using the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and its surface topography was examined using the atomic force microscope (AFM) in contact mode. The cubical shape was detected and identified as Ag, while the anatase, TiO₂ thin film resembled a porous ring-like structure. It was found that each ring that coalesced and formed channels occurred at a low annealing temperature of 280 °C. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) result revealed a small amount of Ag presence in the Ag/TiO₂ thin films. From the in-situ synchrotron radiation imaging, it was observed that as the annealing time increased, the growth of Ag/TiO₂ also increased in terms of area and the number of junctions. The growth rate of Ag/TiO₂ at 600 s was 47.26 µm2/s, and after 1200 s it decreased to 11.50 µm2/s and 11.55 µm2/s at 1800 s. Prolonged annealing will further decrease the growth rate to 5.94 µm2/s, 4.12 µm2/s and 4.86 µm2/s at 2400 s, 3000 s and 3600 s, respectively.
      3  17
  • Publication
    Effect of polyethylene glycol and sodium dodecyl sulphate on microstructure and self-cleaning properties of graphene oxide/TiO2 thin film
    ( 2020-09-01)
    Azani A.
    ;
    Dewi Suriyani Che Halin
    ;
    Kamrosni Abdul Razak
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Norsuria Mahmed
    ;
    Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli
    ;
    Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh
    ;
    Mohd Fairul Sharin Abdul Razak
    ;
    Ayu Wazira Azhari
    ;
    Chobpattana V.
    ;
    Kaczmarek L.
    In this study, a sol gel procedure for preparation of TiO2 thin films with graphene oxide (GO) was developed. The effect of PEG and SDS addition on the microstructure of the films as well as the photocatalytic activity of the thin film was also investigated. The morphology and surface structure of the films were studied by SEM and AFM while the photocatalytic activity of the films was analyzed by measuring the degradation of methylene blue under sunlight irradiation using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. It was found that GO/TiO2 thin film with PEG shows a smaller and porous particle while GO/TiO2 thin film with SDS formed a very smooth surface and very fine particles. Therefore, in AFM analysis reveals that surface roughness decreases with the addition of PEG and SDS. Finally, the photocatalytic activity showed that GO/TiO2 thin film with SDS have the most effective self-cleaning property which degrade 64% of methylene blue that act as model of contaminants.
      1
  • Publication
    Recent advances in synthesis of graphite from agricultural bio-waste material: a review
    ( 2023)
    Yee Wen Yap
    ;
    Norsuria Mahmed
    ;
    Mohd Natashah Norizan
    ;
    Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim
    ;
    Midhat Nabil Ahmad Salimi
    ;
    Kamrosni Abdul Razak
    ;
    Ili Salwani Mohamad
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    Graphitic carbon is a valuable material that can be utilized in many fields, such as electronics, energy storage and wastewater filtration. Due to the high demand for commercial graphite, an alternative raw material with lower costs that is environmentally friendly has been explored. Amongst these, an agricultural bio-waste material has become an option due to its highly bioactive properties, such as bioavailability, antioxidant, antimicrobial, in vitro and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, biomass wastes usually have high organic carbon content, which has been discovered by many researchers as an alternative carbon material to produce graphite. However, there are several challenges associated with the graphite production process from biomass waste materials, such as impurities, the processing conditions and production costs. Agricultural bio-waste materials typically contain many volatiles and impurities, which can interfere with the synthesis process and reduce the quality of the graphitic carbon produced. Moreover, the processing conditions required for the synthesis of graphitic carbon from agricultural biomass waste materials are quite challenging to optimize. The temperature, pressure, catalyst used and other parameters must be carefully controlled to ensure that the desired product is obtained. Nevertheless, the use of agricultural biomass waste materials as a raw material for graphitic carbon synthesis can reduce the production costs. Improving the overall cost-effectiveness of this approach depends on many factors, including the availability and cost of the feedstock, the processing costs and the market demand for the final product. Therefore, in this review, the importance of biomass waste utilization is discussed. Various methods of synthesizing graphitic carbon are also reviewed. The discussion ranges from the conversion of biomass waste into carbon-rich feedstocks with different recent advances to the method of synthesis of graphitic carbon. The importance of utilizing agricultural biomass waste and the types of potential biomass waste carbon precursors and their pre-treatment methods are also reviewed. Finally, the gaps found in the previous research are proposed as a future research suggestion. Overall, the synthesis of graphite from agricultural bio-waste materials is a promising area of research, but more work is needed to address the challenges associated with this process and to demonstrate its viability at scale.
      15  22
  • Publication
    The effect of polyethylene glycol addition on wettability and optical properties of go/tio2 thin film
    ( 2021-08-02)
    Azliza Azani
    ;
    Dewi Suriyani Che Halin
    ;
    Kamrosni Abdul Razak
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Nabiałek M.
    ;
    Ramli M.M.
    ;
    Razak M.F.S.A.
    ;
    Sandu A.V.
    ;
    Sochacki W.
    ;
    Skrzypczak T.
    Modification has been made to TiO2 thin film to improve the wettability and the absorption of light. The sol‐gel spin coating method was successfully used to synthesize GO/TiO2 thin films using a titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) as a precursor. Different amounts of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (20 to 100 mg) were added into the parent sol solution to improve the optical properties and wettability of the GO/TiO2 thin film. The effect of different amounts of PEG was characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) for the phase composition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for micro-structure observation, atomic force microscopy (AFM) for the surface topography, ultraviolet–visi-ble spectrophotometry (UV‐VIS) for the optical properties and wettability of the thin films by meas-uring the water contact angle. The XRD analysis showed the amorphous phase. The SEM and AFM images revealed that the particles were less agglomerated and surface roughness increases from 1.21 × 102 to 2.63 × 102 nm when the amount of PEG increased. The wettability analysis results show that the water contact angle of the thin film decreased to 27.52° with the increase of PEG to 80 mg which indicated that the thin film has hydrophilic properties. The optical properties also improved significantly, where the light absorbance wavelength became wider and the band gap was reduced from 3.31 to 2.82 eV with the presence of PEG.
      3
  • Publication
    Microstructural Study on Ag/TiO2 Thin Film
    ( 2022-07-01)
    Kamrosni Abdul Razak
    ;
    Dewi Suriyani Che Halin
    ;
    Azliza Azani
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh
    ;
    Norsuria Mahmed
    ;
    Chobpattana V.
    ;
    Kaczmarek L.
    ;
    Sandu A.V.
    ;
    Garus S.
    The synthesis of Ag/TiO2 thin film was carried out by the sol–gel spin coating method using ITO glass as a substrate in a short period of stirring time, which is less than 25 min. The produced films were annealed in a furnace at 500◦C for 1 h. Various concentrations of AgNO3, from 0.1 to 0.9 M, were added. The as-prepared films were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The results indicate that all films showed a single phase of anatase, TiO2. Ag/TiO2 thin films with 0.1 M of AgNO3 solution show that the elements form networks connecting Ag/TiO2 microstructures forming a porous, consistent, and continuous layer on the substrate surface.
      1
  • Publication
    Synthesis of Zn/TiO2 Thin Films for Self-Cleaning Applications
    ( 2022-07-01)
    Dewi Suriyani Che Halin
    ;
    Abidin A.S.Z.
    ;
    Azani A.
    ;
    Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh
    ;
    Kamrosni Abdul Razak
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli
    ;
    Sandu A.V.
    ;
    Vizureanu P.
    ;
    Kaczmarek L.
    ;
    Garus S.
    ;
    Garus J.
    Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin film has been widely used in semiconductor applications. The surface modification on TiO2 has been done by adding zinc (Zn) in order to improve surface wettability and enhance the photocatalysis efficiency for solar cell applications. Self-cleaning technology is very important to sustain the efficiency of the solar cell and reduce the cost of the maintenance of the solar cell. In this work, the sol–gel method was used due to the economic factor and its best efficiency. The sol–gel method is a wet chemical technique involving several steps, such as hydrolysis and polycondensation, gelation, aging, drying, densification, and crystallization. The X-Ray diffraction pattern shows that anatase and rutile phases were detected at 2θ = 36.3864◦. It was clearly seen at 4% Zn-doped TiO2 annealed at 400◦C that due to the increment of Zn concentration, the phase transformed from the anatase phase to the rutile phase at high temperature. The scanning electron microscope micrograph shows that Zn concentration affects grain size. The water contact angle produced when 4% Zn-doped TiO2 was annealed at 300◦C, was 18◦ — higher than in the sample of 4% Zn-doped TiO2 annealed at 400◦C. These results clearly showed that the dopant concentration and the annealing temperature influence the properties of TiO2 for a self-cleaning application.
      2
  • Publication
    The effect of polyethylene glycol addition on wettability and optical properties of GO/TiO2 thin film
    ( 2021)
    Azliza Azani
    ;
    Dewi Suriyani Che Halin
    ;
    Kamrosni Abdul Razak
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Marcin Nabiałek
    ;
    Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli
    ;
    Mohd Fairul Sharin Abdul Razak
    ;
    Andrei Victor Sandu
    ;
    Wojciech Sochacki
    ;
    Tomasz Skrzypczak
    Modification has been made to TiO2 thin film to improve the wettability and the absorption of light. The sol-gel spin coating method was successfully used to synthesize GO/TiO2 thin films using a titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) as a precursor. Different amounts of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (20 to 100 mg) were added into the parent sol solution to improve the optical properties and wettability of the GO/TiO2 thin film. The effect of different amounts of PEG was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) for the phase composition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for microstructure observation, atomic force microscopy (AFM) for the surface topography, ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV-VIS) for the optical properties and wettability of the thin films by measuring the water contact angle. The XRD analysis showed the amorphous phase. The SEM and AFM images revealed that the particles were less agglomerated and surface roughness increases from 1.21 × 102 to 2.63 × 102 nm when the amount of PEG increased. The wettability analysis results show that the water contact angle of the thin film decreased to 27.52° with the increase of PEG to 80 mg which indicated that the thin film has hydrophilic properties. The optical properties also improved significantly, where the light absorbance wavelength became wider and the band gap was reduced from 3.31 to 2.82 eV with the presence of PEG.
      4  23
  • Publication
    Factors of Controlling the Formation of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Synthesized using Sol-gel Method - A Short Review
    ( 2022-01-24)
    Kamrosni Abdul Razak
    ;
    Dewi Suriyani Che Halin
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh
    ;
    Norsuria Mahmed
    ;
    Azliza Azani
    ;
    Chobpattana V.
    There have been experiments on TiO2 thin films synthesized utilizing sol-gel techniques. The sol-gel method is a straightforward technology that gives numerous benefits to the researcher, for instance, material's reliability, reproducibility, and controllability. Following from there, it can be utilized to make high-quality nano-structured thin films. According to previous studies, the TiO2 films' characteristics occur to be highly dependent on the production parameters and initial materials utilized. Controlling the formation of TiO2 thin films with the sol-gel method was momentarily discussed here.
      1
  • Publication
    Microstructural studies of Ag/TiO2 thin film; effect of annealing temperature
    ( 2021)
    Kamrosni Abdul Razak
    ;
    C.H. Dewi Suryani
    ;
    A. Azliza
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh
    ;
    Norsuria Mahmed
    ;
    V. Chobpattana
    ;
    L. Kaczmarek
    ;
    B. Jeż
    ;
    M. Nabiałek
    Microstructures are an important link between materials processing and performance, and microstructure control is essential for any materials processing route where the microstructure plays a major role in determining the properties. In this work, silverdoped titanium dioxide (Ag/TiO2) thin film was prepared by the sol-gel method through the hydrolysis of titanium tetra-isopropoxide and silver nitrate solution. The sol was spin coated on ITO glass substrate to get uniform film followed by annealing process for 2 hours. The obtained films were annealed at different annealing temperatures in the range of 300°C-600°C in order to observe the effect on crystalline state, microstructures and optical properties of Ag/TiO2 thin film. The thin films were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. It is clearly seen, when the annealing temperature increases to 500°C, a peak at 2θ = 25.30° can be seen which refers to the structure of TiO2 tetragonal anatase. The structure of Ag/TiO2 thin film become denser, linked together, porous and uniformly distributed on the surface and displays the highest cut-off wavelength value which is 396 nm with the lowest band gap value, which is 3.10 eV. Keywords: Ag/TiO2; Annealing Temperature; Microstructure; Optical Properties; Thin Film
      7  31