Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Publication
    Utilization of agricultural by-products for alpha-amylase production under solid state fermentation by Bacillus subtilis
    ( 2012-08-18) ;
    Khairiah Abd Karim
    The production of alpha-amylase by Bacillus subtilis was investigated under different cultivation conditions on two different solid substrates as the support, i.e. oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibers and rice straw using solid state fermentation (SSF) process. Both solid substrates were first pre-treated using NaOH to remove lignin and silica and to break down the hemicellulose structures. The influences of incubation time, incubation temperature and the additional carbon and nitrogen sources on the production of alpha-amylase by B. subtilis were investigated. After 48 h of incubation, the highest enzyme activities were obtained at 39.9 U/g and 23.5 U/g for rice straw and OPEFB fibers, respectively. The optimum temperature for alpha-amylase production was observed at 45°C for the OPEFB fibers and 55°C for the rice straw. Among the defined carbohydrates, the addition of glucose (0.02 g/g dry substrate) has significantly improved the production of alpha-amylase. Similar effect was observed when yeast extract (0.01 g/g dry substrate) was supplemented as the additional nitrogen source. Rice straw appeared to be the best solid substrate in producing alpha-amylase (276 U/g) in SSF under these optimum cultivation conditions.
  • Publication
    Optimization of chlorophenols adsorption using OPEFB biosorbent
    ( 2022-11-18) ;
    Mohd Azmier Ahmad
    ;
    Lim Chia Hooi
    ;
    Bello Olugbenga Solomon
    Palm oil industry have long been one of the most important economic drivers in the country. However, the abundance of wastes generated such as oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and palm oil mill effluent (POME) have resulted in serious environmental issues that necessitate immediate response. This work investigates the optimization of biosorption of chlorophenols, which are commonly found in POME, using treated OPEFB biosorbent. The surface of biosorbent was modified by physical or chemical treatment. The biosorption capacity for 2,3-dichlorophenol (2,3-DCP) are higher than that of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP). Therefore, 2,3-DCP was further examined in the optimization study by Full 2k factorial design and Central Composite Design (CCD). A full 25-1 factorial design with five factors and two levels was used to screen the significant factors that influenced the biosorption process. These results were applied in the optimization using CCD with three factors (initial 2,3-DCP concentration, pH of solution and OPEFB biosorbent dosage). It is found the optimum conditions for 2,3-DCP biosorption were 200?ppm initial concentration, pH 5 and 0.15?g dosage. The maximum biosorption capacity was 13.65?mg/g. Langmuir biosorption isotherm best described the biosorption of 2,3-DCP onto OPEFB biosorbent at different initial concentrations of 2,3-DCP solution. Pseudo-second order was found to best fit the biosorption system by OPEFB biosorbent. Therefore, it is worth considering the potential use of OPEFB biomass as a biosorbent in the application of the treatment of toxic pollutants.
      3  1
  • Publication
    Utilization of agricultural by-products for alpha-amylase production under solid state fermentation by bacillus subtilis
    ( 2012) ;
    Khairiah Abd Karim
    The production of alpha-amylase by Bacillus subtilis was investigated under different cultivation conditions on two different solid substrates as the support, i.e. oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibers and rice straw using solid state fermentation (SSF) process. Both solid substrates were first pre-treated using NaOH to remove lignin and silica and to break down the hemicellulose structures. The influences of incubation time, incubation temperature and the additional carbon and nitrogen sources on the production of alpha-amylase by B. subtilis were investigated. After 48 h of incubation, the highest enzyme activities were obtained at 39.9 U/g and 23.5 U/g for rice straw and OPEFB fibers, respectively. The optimum temperature for alpha-amylase production was observed at 45°C for the OPEFB fibers and 55°C for the rice straw. Among the defined carbohydrates, the addition of glucose (0.02 g/g dry substrate) has significantly improved the production of alpha-amylase. Similar effect was observed when yeast extract (0.01 g/g dry substrate) was supplemented as the additional nitrogen source. Rice straw appeared to be the best solid substrate in producing alpha-amylase (276 U/g) in SSF under these optimum cultivation conditions
      1  7