Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • Publication
    Two layered 2 × 1 Koch curve patch array antenna with suspended air gap effect for wireless LAN applications
    ( 2017-11-20)
    Abdulmalek M.
    ;
    Nornikman H.
    ;
    Al-Khatib O.
    ;
    Badrul Hisham Ahmad
    ;
    Abdulaziz N.
    ;
    Mohamad Zoinol Abidin Abd Aziz
    ;
    ;
    Ann N.Y.
    ;
    Shen J.Y.L.
    ;
    Salman N.
    ;
    Razak N.M.
    ;
    Bakar H.A.
    This paper proposed a two layered 2 × 1 Koch Curve patch array antenna design with suspended air gap technique for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) application of 2.4 GHz resonant frequency. This proposed patch antenna is using two FR-4 substrate layers with dielectric constant, εr = 4.4 and the electrical conductivity tangent loss, tanΔ = 0.019. It is using the suspended air gap technique between two layers for enhancement effect of antenna gain from 4.89 dB to 5.18 dB. At the upper part of substrate, it consists a two feeding networks that connected the two patch of Koch Curve array patch. Beside antenna gain, this technique also improves the bandwidth and return loss of the antenna. It also contains a Koch Curve array structure at the patch part and have a full ground of copper at the back. This Koch Curve is design based on the basic equilateral triangle with three iteration steps. For the first iteration step, it be made up of the equilateral triangular shaped while the second iteration are added with mirror design of equilateral triangular to create a six segment of star-shaped. For the third iteration step, the equilateral triangle with the length base on previous iteration step is constructed on top of the side line of the base triangle. This third iteration step of the Koch Curve effect the reduction size of the patch antenna from 100 mm × 100 mm to only 90 mm × 60 mm. The return loss performance at resonant frequency 2.4 GHz is −32.735 dB.
  • Publication
    A modified antipodal vivaldi antenna (AVA) with elliptical slotting edge (ESE) for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications
    ( 2017-11-20)
    Nornikman H.
    ;
    Abdulmalek M.
    ;
    Ahmad B.H.
    ;
    Al-Khatib O.
    ;
    Aziz M.Z.A.A.
    ;
    ;
    Soon Y.Y.
    ;
    Muslimah M.S.
    ;
    Syazwany R.
    ;
    Salimi H.I.
    ;
    Amirul M.Y.
    ;
    Azizi M.S.N.
    As the demand of UWB system increases nowadays, several types of hybrid technique on antenna design are studied, modified, and proposed for UWB applications. In this work, an enhanced performance of modified antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) for targeting ultrawideband (UWB) frequency range between 2.17 GHz and 10.6 GHz has been proposed. This proposed UWB antenna is using FR-4 substrate with dielectric constant, εr = 4.4 and the electrical conductivity tangent loss, tanΔ = 0.019. This antenna design is based on the modified from the dual exponential tapered slot antenna (DETSA) with varying of the exponential flares design for obtain the best return loss of the antenna within the frequency bandwidth of the UWB. It has two exponential flares that follow the characteristic of exponential curve. Next, an elliptical slotting edge (ESE) with fixed horizontal radius and varied vertical radius is implemented to the antenna which effectively increases the performance of the antenna at lower frequencies. These modifications are done without changing the antenna size, which is 70 mm × 90 mm in dimension, which is approximately 0.5λ × 0.6λ, where λ is the wavelength of 2 GHz. The effects of the parameters of the antenna characteristic are also studied. In this case, the parametric study on varying distance between elliptical slots, Ks. It shows that, the higher value of Ks will effect to shift to the resonant frequency and increase the return loss of the antenna. At 9.104 GHz of resonant frequencies, it shows of the best return loss of 48.809 dB. Rather than that, the side lobe levels of the radiation pattern of the antenna are reduced in the lower frequencies.
  • Publication
    Co-planar waveguide (CPW) slotted bow-tie antenna with band-notch using polygon-shaped branches structure
    ( 2017-11-20)
    Abdulmalek M.
    ;
    Nornikman H.
    ;
    Al-Khatib O.
    ;
    Abdulaziz N.
    ;
    Aziz M.Z.A.A.
    ;
    Ahmad B.H.
    ;
    ;
    Mustapha M.S.
    ;
    Muslihat M.M.D.M.
    ;
    York S.B.
    ;
    Yusof S.H.M.
    ;
    Nazim N.S.M.
    Nowadays, the world has rapidly evolved in the communication system in term of speed and information capacity. Thus, a bow-tie antenna is the suggestion to use because of its exhibits low profile and lightweight. However, the bow-tie patch antenna, inherently have narrow bandwidths and in general are half wavelength structures operating at the fundamental resonant mode. To cater this problem, a slotted bow-tie antenna is designed for wireless applications with consist techniques a pair of polygon-shaped branches structure is implemented on each arm of the bow-tie slot antenna characteristics. The co-planar waveguide is applied to this antenna to effect the wider bandwidth to the antenna. This proposed CPW slotted bow-tie antenna is using FR-4 substrate with dielectric constant, εr = 4.4 and the electrical conductivity tangent loss, tan Δ = 0.019 with substrate dimension of 52.4 mm length × 22.3 mm width. Several parametric studies are done to make sure the suitable dimension for best antenna performance. In this case, several different dimensions of three part are consider to study, such as the microstrip line width (Wml), height of feedline (Hfl), and the length of branch, Lbr. The basic antenna without polygon-shaped branches can offer a wider frequency band operation at 2.293 GHz-2.541 GHz with bandwidth of 248 MHz effect by the co-planar waveguide technique. After the addition of the polygon-shaped branches structure to the bow-tie part, its effect a band-notch effect at the 2.46 GHz, while creating a new resonant frequency at two different part at 2.394 GHz and 2.511 GHz with resonant frequency of −18.585 dB and 19.555 dB, respectively.
      25  2
  • Publication
    Co-planar waveguide (CPW) patch antenna with octagonal-shaped ring for WiMAX application
    ( 2017-11-20)
    Nornikman H.
    ;
    Abdulmalek M.
    ;
    Mohamad Zoinol Abidin Abd Aziz
    ;
    Badrul Hisham Ahmad
    ;
    Al-Khatib O.
    ;
    ;
    Md Daud A.A.A.
    ;
    Yee L.Y.
    ;
    Tahir M.A.Z.M.
    ;
    Yoong W.L.
    ;
    Rosdin M.F.
    ;
    Bakar H.A.
    WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a part of wireless communication standards based on the IEEE 802.16 set of standards. In this work, a co-planar waveguide (CPW) patch antenna with octagonal-shaped ring had been design for WiMAX application of 3.5 GHz. This proposed CPW antenna is using FR-4 substrate with dielectric constant, εr = 4.4 and the electrical conductivity tangent loss, tan Δ = 0.019. There are three stages of the antenna design that consist the Design A - basic rectangular patch antenna, the Design B - rectangular patch antenna with octagonal-shaped ring while the last stage is Design C -rectangular patch antenna with octagonal-shaped ring with CPW effect. A parametric study of CPW length, LCPW had been done to make sure the best return loss performance and the location of the resonant frequency near to WiMAX frequency range. In this case, nine different dimensions of LCPW that considers is from 11 mm to 19 mm. It shows that the LCPW = 18 mm shows the resonant frequency of T 3.528 dB. The CPW patch antenna with octagonal-shaped ring effect a wider bandwidth and create two resonant frequencies. It shows that the proposed antenna covers from the 2.282 GHz to 4.216 GHz, with bandwidth of 1.978 GHz, improve from Design A and Design B of 0.11 GHz and 0.73 GHz, respectively. Two resonant frequencies are located at 2.59 GHz and 3.528 GHz with return loss of −23.89 dB and −34.78 dB, respectively. The antenna gain of Design C is improve to 2.92 dB, after the addition of the CPW technique.
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