Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Publication
    The effects of international migration on male unemployment in Malaysia
    ( 2020-02) ;
    Abdul Rahim Ridzuan
    ;
    Nor Hidayah Harun
    ;
    In Malaysia, male employment plays an important role in families as they are breadwinners. However, an increase in international migrants can cause them to be unemployed. Other than that, the number of male employment is higher than the number of female employment. In addition, the number of international migrants also exhibit an increasing trend. This situation has alarmed economists and policymakers. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of international migration on male unemployment in Malaysia from 1982 to 2015. The Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) technique was employed and the results show that international migrants do not harm the labour force in Malaysia in the long run. This is because Malaysia needs foreign workers in some crucial sectors such as agriculture and construction. However, the results of the causality test reveal that migration can influence male unemployment in the short run. Therefore, it is imperative for policymakers to introduce policies to alleviate the problem of male unemployment, such as controlling the number of permits for foreign workers to work in the sectors that are dominated by local male workers.
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  • Publication
    Coal consumption as a moderator in the link between industrial output and life expectancy in ASEAN nations
    (Springer, 2025-04) ;
    Nor Ermawati Hussain
    ;
    Rossazana Ab Rahim
    ;
    Abdul Rahim Ridzuan
    ;
    This study examines the relationship between industrial output and life expectancy in ASEAN countries from 2000 to 2021, emphasizing coal consumption as a moderating factor. Using the Panel ARDL method, the findings reveal that industrial output positively impacts life expectancy, highlighting the economic benefits of industrialization, such as improved healthcare access and job creation. Model 1's industrial output coefficient is 0.1542, while Model 2's is 0.2352, both models giving a p-value of 0.0000. However, this positive effect is significantly offset by coal consumption, which detracts from life expectancy due to environmental degradation and health hazards such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. This coefficient is 0.0722 (p-value: 0.0000) in Model 2 and 0.8457 (p-value: 0.0000) in Model 1. The study further shows that the interaction between industrial output and coal consumption exacerbates these adverse effects, underlining the critical need for sustainable industrial practices. Practical implications include the necessity for targeted green policies, such as phasing out coal subsidies, adopting renewable energy technologies, and implementing carbon taxation, to mitigate the detrimental health impacts of coal consumption while maintaining industrial growth. Identifying critical thresholds, such as coal consumption exceeding 50% of the energy mix or industrial output growth surpassing 5–10% annually without corresponding energy efficiency improvements, provides actionable insights for policymakers. These findings highlight the importance of balancing industrial development with sustainable health and environmental outcomes through informed policy interventions.
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