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Anis Atikah Ahmad
Preferred name
Anis Atikah Ahmad
Official Name
Anis Atikah, Ahmad
Alternative Name
Ahmad, Anis Atikah
Ahmad, Anis A.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
56900415200
Researcher ID
P-6794-2018
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PublicationValorization of face mask waste as an adsorbent for cationic dye adsorptionThe increasing environmental pollution caused by the disposal of untreated dye-containing effluent and face mask wastes in landfills has become a significant concern. To address this issue, this work focuses on the utilization of face mask wastes as alternative adsorbents for the adsorption of malachite green (MG) dye. These adsorbents offer advantages such as ease of operation, cost-effectiveness, high efficiency, and ready availability. In this study, the raw face mask wastes (RFM) undergo a thermal treatment process in a furnace at 800°C for 21 h before conducting the adsorption tests. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of various functional groups, including alkane, alkene, alcohol, and carbonyl, in both the treated face mask adsorbent (TFMA) and RFM. The scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis displayed the surface morphologies of RFM as a porous and homogeneous carbon sorbent structure, while TFMA exhibited a heterogeneous and flaky structure. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicated that RFM primarily consisted of carbon elements, followed by oxygen and calcium elements, whereas TFMA predominantly comprised calcium and oxygen elements with a limited amount of carbon. The adsorption experiments, considering various parameters such as initial dye concentration (1,000–1,200 mg/L) and contact time (5–1,500 min), demonstrated that increasing the contact time and initial concentration led to an enhanced adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacity of 2,127 mg/g confirmed the effectiveness of TFMA as an adsorbent for MG. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The isotherm and kinetic studies showed a good fit between the adsorption data and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and pseudo-second-order models as evidenced by high R2 values and low error function values, suggesting a heterogenous adsorption of MG on TFMA.
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PublicationGasification char adsorbent for dye removal: characterization, isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamic studiesPrevious research has shown GC's reliable performance as an adsorbent in water and wastewater treatment, but broader applications remain underexplored. This study focuses on treating GC with KOH to eliminate methylene blue (MB) dye. The FTIR results indicated an enrichment of carbonyl groups on the GC surface, which enhanced the rate of MB adsorption. SEM analysis of both treated and untreated GC revealed that the treated char exhibited prominently developed pores and displayed a distinct open-porous structure, reminiscent of a honeycomb-like porous formation. The result from Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis reveals that BET surface area (469.27 m2/g) and total pore volume (0.2728 cm3/g) of treated GC improved after activation. Increasing the initial concentration of MB from 100 to 250 mg/L resulted in a decrease in its removal from 82.1 to 50.87%, respectively. Meanwhile, raising the pH from 3 to 9 enhanced MB adsorption from 85.46 to 97.06%. As the temperature increased from 30 to 60 °C, the adsorption process accelerated, leading to an increase in the percentage of dye removal from 89.11 to 96.63%. Matlab curve fitting tools were used to fit non-linear isotherm and kinetic models. The n-BET isotherm and Pseudo-First-Order (PFO) kinetic models demonstrated an excellent fit to the experimental data, evidenced by the highest R2 values, specifically 0.99206 and 0.9577–0.9855, respectively. These findings strongly suggest a multilayer adsorption process taking place on the uniform surface of treated GC. Thermodynamic analysis affirms the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the adsorption process, corroborated by negative ΔG° and positive ΔH° values ranging from -11.0722 to -8.1916 kJ/mol and from 0.694 to 0.857 kJ/mol, respectively.