Anas Mohd Noor
Thumbnail Image
Preferred name
Anas Mohd Noor
Official Name
Anas, Mohd Noor
Alternative Name
Mohd Noor, Anas
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
57190394249
Researcher ID
DVM-0848-2022

Research Output

Filters

22
Reset filters

Settings
Now showing 1 - 10 of 22
Thumbnail Image
Publication

Classifying white blood cells from a peripheral blood smear image using a histogram of oriented gradient feature of nuclei shapes

2020-06-11 , Anas Mohd Noor , Haniza Yazid , Zulkarnay Zakaria , Aishah Mohd Noor

Researchers developed various methods and algorithms to classify white blood cells (WBCs) from blood smear images to assist hematologists and to develop an automatic system. Furthermore, the pathological and hematological conditions of WBCs are related to diseases that can be analyzed accurately in a short time. In this work, we proposed a simple technique for WBC classification from a peripheral blood smear image based on the types of cell nuclei. The developed algorithms utilized a histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) feature typically known for application in human disease detection. The segmentation of WBC nuclei utilizes a YCbCr color space and K-means clustering techniques. The HOG feature contains information about the cell nuclei shapes, which then is classified using a support vector machine (SVM) and backpropagation artificial neural network (ANN). The results show that the proposed HOG feature is useful for WBC classification based on the shapes of nuclei. We are able to categorize the type of a WBC based on its nucleus shape with more than 95% accuracy.

View
Thumbnail Image
Publication

A Numerical Study of Collective Cell Migration in a Microchannel Driven by Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Device

2023-01-01 , Mazlee Mazalan , Anas Mohd Noor , Yufridin Wahab , Shazlina Johari , Mohd Rosydi Zakaria , Zaman W.S.W.K.

Collective cell migration is involved in a variety of biological contexts, including tissue morphogenesis, wound healing, and cancer invasion. Many studies have revealed that chemical, mechanical, and electrical stimulation all affect cell migration. Although an acoustic stimulus has been shown to influence cell migration in the past, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. A computational model that accounts for acoustic-structure interaction was constructed in this study to simulate the formation of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) field and the application of the acoustic pressure field on collective cell migration. A group of cells within a microchannel device and two ports of interdigitated transducers (IDTs) with different wavelengths were modeled. The stresses within cells were investigated as it was influenced by substrate displacement and pressure acoustic in the cell media generated by the SAW device. As a result, we observed the local stress within cells near the solid-fluid interfaces. For propagating SAW, the shorter wavelength of IDTs (600 μm) attributed to high stress at the cell's top and bottom as compared to the SAW device with the longer wavelength (1000 μm). The standing SAW occurred underneath collective cells. The results of standing SAW on cell stress at the bottom confirm that the SAW device can be useful to regulate the abnormalities cellular activities associated with cell migration.

View
Thumbnail Image
Publication

We-VoltamoStat: A wearable potentiostat for voltammetry analysis with a smartphone interface

2023-09-01 , Ibrahim N.F.A. , Anas Mohd Noor , Norhayati Sabani , Zulkarnay Zakaria , Wahab A.A. , Manaf A.A. , Shazlina Johari

Wearable technology, such as electronic components integrated into clothing or worn as accessories, is becoming increasingly prevalent in fields like healthcare and biomedical monitoring. These devices allow for continuous monitoring of important biomarkers for medical diagnosis, monitoring of physiological health, and evaluation. However, an open-source wearable potentiostat is a relatively new technology that still faces several design limitations such as short battery lifetime, bulky size, heavy weight, and the requirement for a wire for data transmission, which affects comfortability during long periods of measurement. In this work, an open-source wearable potentiostat device named We-VoltamoStat is developed to allow interested parties to use and modify the device for creating new products, research, and teaching purposes. The proposed device includes improved and added features, such as wireless real-time signal monitoring and data collection. It also has an ultra-low power consumption battery estimated to deliver 15 mA during operating mode for 33 h and 20 min and 5 mA during standby mode for 100 h without recharging. Its convenience for wearable applications, tough design, and compact size of 67x54x38 mm make it suitable for wearable applications. Cost-effectiveness is another advantage, with a price less than 120 USD. Validation performance tests indicate that the device has good accuracy, with an R2 value of 0.99 for linear regression of test accuracy on milli-, micro-, and nano-Ampere detection. In the future, it is recommended to improve the design and add more features to the device, including new applications for wearable potentiostats.

View
Thumbnail Image
Publication

Numerical Simulation of Transdermal Iontophoretic Drug Delivery System

2021-11-25 , Anas Mohd Noor , Zulkarnay Zakaria , Shazlina Johari , Norhayati Sabani , Yufridin Wahab , Manaf A.A.

Transdermal Iontophoretic Drug Delivery System (TIDDS) is a non-invasive method of systemic drug delivery that involves by applying a drug formulation to the skin. The drug penetrates through the stratum corneum, epidermis and dermis layers. Once the drug reaches the dermal layer, it is available for systemic absorption via dermal microcirculation. However, clinical testing of new drug developed for the iontophoretic system is a long and complex process. Recently, most of those major pharmaceutical companies have attempted to consider computer-based bio-simulation strategies as a means of generating the data necessary to help make a better decision. In this work, we used computational modelling to investigate the TIDDS behaviour. Our interest is to study the efficacy of drug diffusion through transdermal delivery, including the thermal effect on the skin. We found that drug will be delivered more efficiently if the electrical potential and the position of electrodes are optimum. We analysed the drug diffusion time of the system using 1,3 and 5 mA DC source. In addition, we also modify the electrode distance from 10 mm to 30 mm long and analysed the effect of delivery time and d effect to the skin thermal. We conclude that, a high electrical current, as instance, a 5 mA DC, delivered the drug faster into the skin but increased the skin temperature because of skin joule heating effect. However, a 30 mm electrodes distance setting decreased the skin temperature significantly than the 10 mm distance with more than 9.7 °C under 5 mA DC and 60 minutes of operation. TIDDS enhanced drug delivery compared to oral consumption and might be suitable used for localizing treatments such as chronic disease. This work provides great potential and is useful to efficiently design of iontophoretic drug delivery system including new drugs delivery applications.

View
Thumbnail Image
Publication

Design and Fabrication of Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Device for Cell Migration Control

2024-01-01 , Mazalan M. , Anas Mohd Noor , Zakaria N.F. , Zakaria M.R. , Ismail A.M. , Zaman W.S.W.K. , Mohammad Shahrazel Razalli , Do T.D. , Wahab Y.

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are widely used for cell manipulation and cell separation in cellular biology research. Despite the fact that the SAW stimulation is biocompatible and noninvasive, it is still unknown how cells will respond to the stimulation in terms of migration. In this study, we developed two types of SAW device model with different frequency at 83 MHz and 124 MHz and investigated the effect of standing SAW stimulation to the cells model. We also fabricated the SAW devices to measure its electrical properties. As a result, different local stresses along cell-fluid boundaries was observed as different frequencies of standing SAW were applied to the cells. The standing SAW with higher frequency ascribed to a higher stress at the cell's apical and basal as compared to lower frequency stimulation. Moreover, the fabricated SAW shows a low insertion loss at −19.8 dB and −13.5 dB for the 83 MHz and 124 MHz of SAW, respectively. Based on these results, the standing SAW can be used as an alternative tool in regulating the aberrant cellular activities related with cell migration.

View
Thumbnail Image
Publication

An Open-Source, Miniature UV to NIR Spectrophotometer for measuring the transmittance of liquid materials

2022-01-01 , Anas Mohd Noor , Ahmad Nasrul Norali , Zulkarnay Zakaria , Fook Chong Yen , Basri Noor Cahyadi

The primary disadvantages of commercial spectrophotometers are expensive, heavy, and not portable. Furthermore, conventional instruments are only suitable to be used in a specialized laboratory. Even though some commercially available small-size instruments or devices are available, the price is still high. Therefore, a low-cost device is necessary without sacrificing accuracy and sensitivity. In this work, a low-cost, configurable, open-source and accurate portable spectrophotometer device was developed for education and laboratory analytical use. Commercially available photodetector is utilized as main component of the device due to broad spectral range from ultraviolet to near infra-red. The device performs well over a wide range of spectral wavelengths with small errors. We presume that the use of this work can offer a alternative for affordable and accurate device that is comparable to the commercially available products which also suitable for many applications.

View
Thumbnail Image
Publication

Classification of electromyography signal from residual limb of hand amputees

2022-01-01 , Ahmad Nasrul Norali , Anas Mohd Noor , Zulkarnay Zakaria , Al-Mahdi Y.S.M. , Fook Chong Yen , Asyraf Hakimi Abu Bakar

Several researchers had worked on collecting electromyography (EMG) signal from amputees and come out with dataset that could be utilized for study in EMG signal processing and classification for decoding of amputee movement intention. This paper presents the work on classification of EMG signal based on the residual limb of amputees with intuitive hand movement based on interactive exercises. Dataset is obtained from NINAPRO public database website where 11 amputee subjects performed intuitive exercise of 17 hand gestures and EMG signal is acquired from the residual arm. Eight feature extraction methods are performed to obtain the EMG feature which are Mean, Minimum, Median, Skewness, Kurtosis, Approximate Entropy, Fuzzy Entropy and Kolmogorov Complexity. Two classifiers are used for EMG classification which are k-Nearest Neighbour and Ensemble classifier. Results shows average accuracy of 87.65% with Ensemble classifier for classification of movement exercise with all features of EMG is used as input to classifier.

View
Thumbnail Image
Publication

Electromyography Signal Pattern Recognition for Movement of Shoulder

2021-11-25 , Ahmad Nasrul Norali , Anas Mohd Noor , Zulkarnay Zakaria , Muhammad Asymawi Mohd Reffin , Asyraf Hakimi Abu Bakar , Chong Yen Fook

Pectoralis major and deltoid are two muscles that are associated with the movement of the shoulder. Electromyography (EMG) signal acquired from these two muscles can be used to classify the movement of the shoulder based on pattern recognition. In this paper, an experiment for EMG data collection involves eight healthy male subjects who perform four shoulder movements which are flexion, extension, internal rotation and external rotation. Feature extraction of EMG data is done using root mean square (RMS), variance (VAR) and zero crossing (ZC). For pattern recognition, the classifiers that are used are Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA). Classification results shows highest accuracy on ZC feature using an SVM classifier with cubic kernel. The study on shoulder movement using EMG of pectoralis and deltoid muscles could be extended on arm amputees based on hypothesis that the EMG signal could be utilized for control of robotic prosthetic arm.

View
Thumbnail Image
Publication

Classification of White Blood Cells Based on Surf Feature

2021-01-01 , Anas Mohd Noor , Zulkarnay Zakaria , Aishah Mohd Noor , Ahmad Nasrul Norali

Conventional blood analysis using blood smear image were performed manually by experts in hematology is tedious and highly depending on the level of experience. Currently, computer-assist technology is developed to reduce the time-consuming process and improved accuracy. As an example, various image processing techniques used to quantify such as white blood cells (WBCs) morphological conditions or classification in the blood smear image, which assist experts in developing confidence decision making in the analysis of cells conditions linked to the specific diseases. However, the WBCs shape features are arbitrary than the red blood cells (RBCs) because of the maturation state, cell orientations or positions, cell color variations, and the quality of the image captured influences the performance of classification accuracy. Therefore, we proposed a scale and rotation invariance feature for WBCs classification using speed up robust feature (SURF). SURF is suitable to be applied in identifying objects even though the orientation, scale, and position are varying, such as WBCs in microscopic blood smear images. We analyzed the classification performances using a support vector machine (SVM) and an artificial neural network (ANN) of WBCs types in the microscopic image based on the cell nucleus. The results show that the purposed SURF feature method has an excellent performance of accuracy for both methods and suitable to be utilized for the application of cell types classification.

View
Thumbnail Image
Publication

Intraocular MEMS Capacitive Pressure Sensor

2021-01-01 , Anas Mohd Noor , Zulkarnay Zakaria , Norlaili Saad

Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensors are suitable for measuring intraocular pressure (IOP). IOP measurement is useful for monitoring diseases such as glaucoma. The average pressure range for healthy persons is within 10–20 mmHg. A pressure beyond this range could damage the eye nerves and causes of blindness. Thus, a sensor for measuring the pressure should provide excellent accuracy and sensitivity. Intraocular capacitive pressure sensors are widely used in measurement of IOP. They offer high sensitivity and low noise, including invariance to temperature. Thus, the capacitive pressure sensor is performed better than other types of sensing methods. In this work, capacitive pressure sensors are designed and analyzed using FEM. The sensitivity and performance of a corrugated diaphragm, slot-type, square, and circular types of sensors designed are analyzed. Different shape of the sensor provides a different characteristic such as sensors pressure sensitivity, mechanical stress, and maximum deflection. As a result, corrugated diaphragm and slot-type sensors designed performs better than the flat diaphragm and non-slotted sensors designed. We show that four slotted non-corrugated square and circular designs have a high sensitivity, which is 0.157 mF higher than the eight slotted design. However, for corrugated design, eight slotted shows sensitivity is 0.147 mF higher and linearity analysis than four slotted sensor design. Circular shape design for eight slotted design, on the other hand, have 0.631 mF higher than the four slotted design. Corrugated design is more sensitive when a load is applied, while slotted design reduces the effect of residual stress and stiffness of the diaphragm. Thus, it is an advantage of using the FEM method for further analysis of sensor performance optimization.

View