Ammar Zakaria
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Preferred name
Ammar Zakaria
Official Name
Ammar, Zakaria
Alternative Name
Zakaria, Ammar
Zakaria, A.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
36560557700
Researcher ID
D-2902-2015

Research Output
Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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Publication

A hybrid approach of knowledge-driven and data-driven reasoning for activity recognition in smart homes

2019 , Abdul Syafiq Abdull Sukor , Ammar Zakaria , Norasmadi Abdul Rahim , Latifah Munirah Kamarudin , Rossi Setchi , Hiromitsu Nishizaki

Accurate activity recognition plays a major role in smart homes to provide assistance and support for users, especially elderly and cognitively impaired people. To realize this task, knowledge-driven approaches are one of the emerging research areas that have shown interesting advantages and features. However, several limitations have been associated with these approaches. The produced models are usually incomplete to capture all types of human activities. This resulted in the limited ability to accurately infer users’ activities. This paper presents an alternative approach by combining knowledge-driven with data-driven reasoning to allow activity models to evolve and adapt automatically based on users’ particularities. Firstly, a knowledge-driven reasoning is presented for inferring an initial activity model. The model is then trained using data-driven techniques to produce a dynamic activity model that learns users’ varying action. This approach has been evaluated using a publicly available dataset and the experimental results show the learned activity model yields significantly higher recognition rates compared to the initial activity model.

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Publication

Real-Time In-Vehicle air quality monitoring system using machine learning prediction algorithm

2021 , Chew Cheik Goh , Latifah Munirah Kamarudin , Ammar Zakaria , Hiromitsu Nishizaki , Nuraminah Ramli , Xiaoyang Mao , Syed Muhammad Mamduh Syed Zakaria , Ericson Kanagaraj , Abdul Syafiq Abdull Sukor , Md. Fauzan Elham

This paper presents the development of a real-time cloud-based in-vehicle air quality monitoring system that enables the prediction of the current and future cabin air quality. The designed system provides predictive analytics using machine learning algorithms that can measure the drivers’ drowsiness and fatigue based on the air quality presented in the cabin car. It consists of five sensors that measure the level of CO2, particulate matter, vehicle speed, temperature, and humidity. Data from these sensors were collected in real-time from the vehicle cabin and stored in the cloud database. A predictive model using multilayer perceptron, support vector regression, and linear regression was developed to analyze the data and predict the future condition of in-vehicle air quality. The performance of these models was evaluated using the Root Mean Square Error, Mean Squared Error, Mean Absolute Error, and coefficient of determination (R2). The results showed that the support vector regression achieved excellent performance with the highest linearity between the predicted and actual data with an R2 of 0.9981.

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Publication

Non-Contact breathing monitoring using Sleep Breathing Detection Algorithm (SBDA) based on UWB radar sensors

2022 , Muhammad Husaini , Latifah Munirah Kamarudin , Ammar Zakaria , Intan Kartika Kamarudin , Muhammad Amin Ibrahim , Hiromitsu Nishizaki , Masahiro Toyoura , Xiaoyang Mao

Ultra-wideband radar application for sleep breathing monitoring is hampered by the difficulty of obtaining breathing signals for non-stationary subjects. This occurs due to imprecise signal clutter removal and poor body movement removal algorithms for extracting accurate breathing signals. Therefore, this paper proposed a Sleep Breathing Detection Algorithm (SBDA) to address this challenge. First, SBDA introduces the combination of variance feature with Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to tackle the issue of clutter signals. This method used Daubechies wavelets with five levels of decomposition to satisfy the signal-to-noise ratio in the signal. Second, SBDA implements a curve fit based sinusoidal pattern algorithm for detecting periodic motion. The measurement was taken by comparing the R-square value to differentiate between chest and body movements. Last but not least, SBDA applied the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) method for extracting breathing signals before transforming the signal to the frequency domain using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to obtain breathing rate. The analysis was conducted on 15 subjects with normal and abnormal ratings for sleep monitoring. All results were compared with two existing methods obtained from previous literature with Polysomnography (PSG) devices. The result found that SBDA effectively monitors breathing using IR-UWB as it has the lowest average percentage error with only 6.12% compared to the other two existing methods from past research implemented in this dataset.

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Predictive analysis of In-Vehicle air quality monitoring system using deep learning technique

2022 , Abdul Syafiq Abdull Sukor , Goh Chew Cheik , Latifah Munirah Kamarudin , Xiaoyang Mao , Hiromitsu Nishizaki , Ammar Zakaria , Syed Muhammad Mamduh Syed Zakaria

In-vehicle air quality monitoring systems have been seen as promising paradigms for monitoring drivers’ conditions while they are driving. This is because some in-vehicle cabins contain pollutants that can cause drowsiness and fatigue to drivers. However, designing an efficient system that can predict in-vehicle air quality has challenges, due to the continuous variation in parameters in cabin environments. This paper presents a new approach, using deep learning techniques that can deal with the varying parameters inside the vehicle environment. In this case, two deep learning models, namely Long-short Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) are applied to classify and predict the air quality using time-series data collected from the built-in sensor hardware. Both are compared with conventional methods of machine learning models, including Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP). The results show that GRU has an excellent prediction performance with the highest coefficient of determination value (R2) of 0.97.

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