Nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of donor-Ï€-donor featuring diformyltriphenylamine chalcone derivatives
2025,
Nurul Nabilah Shuaib,
Adibah Izzati Daud,
Suhana Arshad,
Mohamad Aizat Abu Bakar,
Saleh K. Alsaee,
Norazlan Mohmad Misnan
This research was carried out to explore the impact of substituent groups with varying electron-donating strengths on the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of four recently synthesized chalcone derivatives (DFC1–DFC4). Spectroscopic characterization was conducted via FT-IR and NMR, while thermal stability was assessed through TGA. Linear and third-order NLO behaviours were determined using a UV–Vis spectrometer and a Z-scan technique with 637 nm excitation. Density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP functionals, focusing on nonlinear optical parameters including global reactivity descriptors, and photophysical properties including HOMO-LUMO energy levels. NLO properties, incorporating dipole moment, polarizability, and hyperpolarizabilities, were calculated using a numerically differentiated analytic method. Z-scan data revealed that DFC1–DFC4 NLO responses, significantly affected by electron-donating groups and intermolecular interactions, position them as promising materials for optoelectronic and NLO applications.