Now showing 1 - 10 of 17
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Contribution of interfacial bonding towards geopolymers properties in geopolymers reinforced fibers: a review

2022 , Muhd Hafizuddin Yazid , Meor Ahmad Faris bin Meor Ahmad Tajudin , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Marcin Nabiałek , Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim , Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh , Marwan Kheimi , Andrei Victor Sandu , Adam Rylski , Bartłomiej Jeż

There is a burgeoning interest in the development of geopolymers as sustainable construction materials and incombustible inorganic polymers. However, geopolymers show quasi-brittle behavior. To overcome this weakness, hundreds of researchers have focused on the development, characterization, and implementation of geopolymer-reinforced fibers for a wide range of applications for light geopolymers concrete. This paper discusses the rapidly developing geopolymer-reinforced fibers, focusing on material and geometrical properties, numerical simulation, and the effect of fibers on the geopolymers. In the section on the effect of fibers on the geopolymers, a comparison between single and hybrid fibers will show the compressive strength and toughness of each type of fiber. It is proposed that interfacial bonding between matrix and fibers is important to obtain better results, and interfacial bonding between matrix and fiber depends on the type of material surface contact area, such as being hydrophobic or hydrophilic, as well as the softness or roughness of the surface.

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Warpage optimisation on the moulded part with straight drilled and conformal cooling channels using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Glowworm Swarm Optimisation (GSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimisation approaches

2021 , Mohd. Hazwan Mohd. Hanid , Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim , Joanna Gondro , Safian Sharif , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Azlan Mohd Zain , Abdellah El-hadj Abdellah , Mohd. Nasir Mat Saad , Jerzy J. Wysłocki , Marcin Nabiałek

It is quite challenging to control both quality and productivity of products produced using injection molding process. Although many previous researchers have used different types of optimisation approaches to obtain the best configuration of parameters setting to control the quality of the molded part, optimisation approaches in maximising the performance of cooling channels to enhance the process productivity by decreasing the mould cycle time remain lacking. In this study, optimisation approaches namely Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Glowworm Swarm Optimisation (GSO) were employed on front panel housing moulded using Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). Each optimisation method was analysed for both straight drilled and Milled Groove Square Shape (MGSS) conformal cooling channel moulds. Results from experimental works showed that, the performance of MGSS conformal cooling channels could be enhanced by employing the optimisation approach. Therefore, this research provides useful scientific knowledge and an alternative solution for the plastic injection moulding industry to improve the quality of moulded parts in terms of deformation using the proposed optimisation approaches in the used of conformal cooling channels mould.

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Geopolymer ceramic application: a review on mix design, properties and reinforcement enhancement

2022 , Nurul Aida Mohd Mortar , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Rafiza Abdul Razak , Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim , Ikmal Hakem Aziz , Marcin Nabiałek , Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya , Augustin Semenescu , Rosnita Mohamed , Mohd Fathullah Ghazli@Ghazali

Geopolymers have been intensively explored over the past several decades and considered as green materials and may be synthesised from natural sources and wastes. Global attention has been generated by the use of kaolin and calcined kaolin in the production of ceramics, green cement, and concrete for the construction industry and composite materials. The previous findings on ceramic geopolymer mix design and factors affecting their suitability as green ceramics are reviewed. It has been found that kaolin offers significant benefit for ceramic geopolymer applications, including excellent chemical resistance, good mechanical properties, and good thermal properties that allow it to sinter at a low temperature, 200 °C. The review showed that ceramic geopolymers can be made from kaolin with a low calcination temperature that have similar properties to those made from high calcined temperature. However, the choice of alkali activator and chemical composition should be carefully investigated, especially under normal curing conditions, 27 °C. A comprehensive review of the properties of kaolin ceramic geopolymers is also presented, including compressive strength, chemical composition, morphological, and phase analysis. This review also highlights recent findings on the range of sintering temperature in the ceramic geopolymer field which should be performed between 600 °C and 1200 °C. A brief understanding of kaolin geopolymers with a few types of reinforcement towards property enhancement were covered. To improve toughness, the role of zirconia was highlighted. The addition of zirconia between 10% and 40% in geopolymer materials promises better properties and the mechanism reaction is presented. Findings from the review should be used to identify potential strategies that could develop the performance of the kaolin ceramic geopolymers industry in the electronics industry, cement, and biomedical materials.

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Optimization of injection moulding process via Design Of Experiment (DOE) method based on Rice Husk (RH) Reinforced Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) composite properties

2022 , Haliza Jaya , Nik Noriman Zulkepli , Mohd Firdaus Omar , Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim , Marcin Nabiałek , Kinga Jeż , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

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Optimisation of shrinkage and strength on thick plate part using recycled LDPE materials

2021 , Norshahira Roslan , Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim , Abdellah El-hadj Abdellah , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Katarzyna Błoch , Paweł Pietrusiewicz , Marcin Nabiałek , Janusz Szmidla , Dariusz Kwiatkowski , Joel Oliveira Correia Vasco , Mohd. Nasir Mat Saad , Mohd Fathullah Ghazli@Ghazali

Achieving good quality of products from plastic injection moulding processes is very challenging, since the process comprises many affecting parameters. Common defects such as warpage are hard to avoid, and the defective parts will eventually go to waste, leading to unnecessary costs to the manufacturer. The use of recycled material from postindustrial waste has been studied by a few researchers. However, the application of an optimisation method by which to optimise processing parameters to mould parts using recycled materials remains lacking. In this study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) methods were conducted on thick plate parts moulded using virgin and recycled low-density polyethylene (LDPE) materials (100:0, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50; virgin to recycle material ratios) to find the optimal input parameters for each of the material ratios. Shrinkage in the x and y directions increased in correlation with the recycled ratio, compared to virgin material. Meanwhile, the tensile strength of the thick plate part continued to decrease when the recycled ratio increased. R30 (70:30) had the optimum shrinkage in the x direction with respect to R0 (100:0) material where the shrinkage increased by 24.49% (RSM) and 33.20% (PSO). On the other hand, the shrinkage in the y direction for R30 material increased by 4.48% (RSM) and decreased by 2.67% (PSO), while the tensile strength of R30 (70:30) material decreased by 0.51% (RSM) and 2.68% (PSO) as compared to R0 (100:0) material. Validation tests indicated that the optimal setting of processing parameter suggested by PSO and RSM for R0 (100:0), R30 (70:30), R40 (60:40) and R50 (50:50) was less than 10%.

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Potential of Rapid Tooling in rapid heat cycle molding: a review

2022 , Nurul Hidayah Mohamad Huzaim , Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim , Luqman Musa , Abdellah El-hadj Abdellah , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Allan Rennie , Rozyanty Rahman , Sebastian Garus , Katarzyna Błoch , Andrei Victor Sandu , Petrica Vizureanu , Marcin Nabiałek

Rapid tooling (RT) and additive manufacturing (AM) are currently being used in several parts of industry, particularly in the development of new products. The demand for timely deliveries of low-cost products in a variety of geometrical patterns is continuing to increase year by year. Increased demand for low-cost materials and tooling, including RT, is driving the demand for plastic and rubber products, along with engineering and product manufacturers. The development of AM and RT technologies has led to significant improvements in the technologies, especially in testing performance for newly developed products prior to the fabrication of hard tooling and low-volume production. On the other hand, the rapid heating cycle molding (RHCM) injection method can be implemented to overcome product surface defects generated by conventional injection molding (CIM), since the surface gloss of the parts is significantly improved, and surface marks such as flow marks and weld marks are eliminated. The most important RHCM technique is rapid heating and cooling of the cavity surface, which somewhat improves part quality while also maximizing production efficiencies. RT is not just about making molds quickly; it also improves molding productivity. Therefore, as RT can also be used to produce products with low-volume production, there is a good potential to explore RHCM in RT. This paper reviews the implementation of RHCM in the molding industry, which has been well established and undergone improvement on the basis of different heating technologies. Lastly, this review also introduces future research opportunities regarding the potential of RT in the RHCM technique.

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Evaluation on the mechanical properties of Ground Granulated Blast Slag (GGBS) and fly ash stabilized soil via geopolymer process

2021 , Syafiadi Rizki Abdila , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Romisuhani Ahmad , Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim , Małgorzata Rychta , Izabela Wnuk , Marcin Nabiałek , Krzysztof Muskalski , Muhammad Faheem Mohd. Tahir , Muhammad Syafwandi , Marek Isradi

This study intended to address the problem of damaged (collapsed, cracked and decreased soil strength) road pavement structure built on clay soil due to clay soil properties such as low shear strength, high soil compressibility, low soil permeability, low soil strength, and high soil plasticity. Previous research reported that ground granulated blast slag (GGBS) and fly ash can be used for clay soil stabilizations, but the results of past research indicate that the road pavement construction standards remained unfulfilled, especially in terms of clay’s subgrade soil. Due to this reason, this study is carried out to further investigate soil stabilization using GGBS and fly ash-based geopolymer processes. This study investigates the effects of GGBS and ratios of fly ash (solid) to alkaline activator (liquid) of 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 2.5:1, and 3:1, cured for 1 and 7 days. The molarity of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and the ratio of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) to sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was fixed at 10 molar and 2.0 weight ratio. The mechanical properties of the soil stabilization based geopolymer process were tested using an unconfined compression test, while the characterization of soil stabilization was investigated using the plastic limit test, liquid limit test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the highest strength obtained was 3.15 MPA with a GGBS to alkaline activator ratio of 1.5 and Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio of 2.0 at 7 days curing time. These findings are useful in enhancing knowledge in the field of soil stabilization-based geopolymer, especially for applications in pavement construction. In addition, it can be used as a reference for academicians, civil engineers, and geotechnical engineers.

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Warpage optimisation using recycled Polycar-bonates (PC) on front panel housing

2021 , Nur Aisyah Miza Ahmad Tamizi , Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim , Abdellah El-hadj Abdellah , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Marcin Nabiałek , Jerzy J. Wysłocki , Bartłomiej Jeż , Paweł Palutkiewicz , Rozyanty Abdul Rahman , Mohd. Nasir Mat Saad , Mohd Fathullah Ghazli@Ghazali

Many studies have been done using recycled waste materials to minimise environmental problems. It is a great opportunity to explore mechanical recycling and the use of recycled and virgin blend as a material to produce new products with minimum defects. In this study, appropriate processing parameters were considered to mould the front panel housing part using R0% (virgin), R30% (30% virgin: 70% recycled), R40% (40% virgin: 60% recycled) and R50% (50% virgin: 50% recycled) of Polycarbonate (PC). The manufacturing ability and quality during preliminary stage can be predicted through simulation analysis using Autodesk Moldflow Insight 2012 software. The recommended processing parameters and values of warpage in x and y directions can also be obtained using this software. No value of warpage was obtained from simulation studies for x direction on the front panel housing. Therefore, this study only focused on reducing the warpage in the y direction. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimisation methods were used to find the optimal processing parameters. As the results, the optimal ratio of recycled PC material was found to be R30%, followed by R40% and R50% materials using RSM and GA methods as compared to the average value of warpage on the moulded part using R0%. The most influential processing parameter that contributed to warpage defect was packing pressure for all materials used in this study.

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Optimisation of shrinkage and strength on thick plate part using recycled LDPE materials

2021 , Norshahira Roslan , Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim , Abdellah El-hadj Abdellah , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Katarzyna Błoch , Paweł Pietrusiewicz , Marcin Nabiałek , Janusz Szmidla , Dariusz Kwiatkowski , Joel Oliveira Correia Vasco , Mohd. Nasir Mat Saad , Mohd Fathullah Ghazli@Ghazali

Achieving good quality of products from plastic injection moulding processes is very challenging, since the process comprises many affecting parameters. Common defects such as warpage are hard to avoid, and the defective parts will eventually go to waste, leading to unnecessary costs to the manufacturer. The use of recycled material from postindustrial waste has been studied by a few researchers. However, the application of an optimisation method by which to optimise processing parameters to mould parts using recycled materials remains lacking. In this study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) methods were conducted on thick plate parts moulded using virgin and recycled low-density polyethylene (LDPE) materials (100:0, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50; virgin to recycle material ratios) to find the optimal input parameters for each of the material ratios. Shrinkage in the x and y directions increased in correlation with the recycled ratio, compared to virgin material. Meanwhile, the tensile strength of the thick plate part continued to decrease when the recycled ratio increased. R30 (70:30) had the optimum shrinkage in the x direction with respect to R0 (100:0) material where the shrinkage increased by 24.49% (RSM) and 33.20% (PSO). On the other hand, the shrinkage in the y direction for R30 material increased by 4.48% (RSM) and decreased by 2.67% (PSO), while the tensile strength of R30 (70:30) material decreased by 0.51% (RSM) and 2.68% (PSO) as compared to R0 (100:0) material. Validation tests indicated that the optimal setting of processing parameter suggested by PSO and RSM for R0 (100:0), R30 (70:30), R40 (60:40) and R50 (50:50) was less than 10%.

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Warpage optimisation using Recycled Polycar-bonates (PC) on Front Panel Housing

2021 , Nur Aisyah Miza Ahmad Tamizi , Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim , Abdellah El-hadj Abdellah , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Marcin Nabiałek , Jerzy J. Wysłocki , Bartłomiej Jeż , Paweł Palutkiewicz , Rozyanty Abdul Rahman , Mohd. Nasir Mat Saad , Mohd Fathullah Ghazli@Ghazali

Many studies have been done using recycled waste materials to minimise environmental problems. It is a great opportunity to explore mechanical recycling and the use of recycled and virgin blend as a material to produce new products with minimum defects. In this study, appropriate processing parameters were considered to mould the front panel housing part using R0% (virgin), R30% (30% virgin: 70% recycled), R40% (40% virgin: 60% recycled) and R50% (50% virgin: 50% recycled) of Polycarbonate (PC). The manufacturing ability and quality during preliminary stage can be predicted through simulation analysis using Autodesk Moldflow Insight 2012 software. The recommended processing parameters and values of warpage in x and y directions can also be obtained using this software. No value of warpage was obtained from simulation studies for x direction on the front panel housing. Therefore, this study only focused on reducing the warpage in the y direction. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimisation methods were used to find the optimal processing parameters. As the results, the optimal ratio of recycled PC material was found to be R30%, followed by R40% and R50% materials using RSM and GA methods as compared to the average value of warpage on the moulded part using R0%. The most influential processing parameter that contributed to warpage defect was packing pressure for all materials used in this study.