Sam Sung Ting
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Preferred name
Sam Sung Ting
Official Name
Sam, Sung Ting
Alternative Name
Sam, Sung Ting
Sung Ting, Sam
Tingf, Sam Sung
Ting, Sam Sung
Sam, S. T.
Sam, T. S.
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Scopus Author ID
57198446841
Researcher ID
AAU-8590-2020

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Evaluation and Enhancement of Polylactic Acid Biodegradability in Soil by Blending with Chitosan

2023-06-01 , Nor Helya Iman Kamaludin , Ismail H. , Rusli A. , Sam Sung Ting , Hakimah Osman

This study highlights the soil burial degradation of polylactic acid/chitosan (PLA/Cs) biocomposites prepared by the melt compounding technique. The effect of various Cs loadings (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 parts per hundred parts of polymer (php)) and soil burial periods (0, 2, 6, 12 months) on visual observation, weight loss, changes in functional groups, as well as tensile, thermal, and morphological properties were analyzed. The PLA/Cs biocomposites became brittle and showed more fragmentation with increasing Cs content and buried time. The result correlates with a remarkable increase in weight loss percentage of about ~ 192%, with Cs addition from 2.5 to 10 php at the end of soil degradation. Besides, a decrement in peak intensity at 1751 cm−1 and 1087 − 1027 cm−1 after 12 months signifies the breakdown of PLA ester bonds due to the hydrolytic degradation. This correlates to a significant drop of 60% and 55% in tensile strength and elongation at break, respectively, in the 2.5 php sample, whilst further Cs addition resulted in the broken of the biocomposites at the end of the soil degradation. Yet, no significant difference was observed in the tensile modulus. A consistent stiffness in the biocomposite suggests the degradation occurs in the amorphous region and leaves the crystalline part. This is proven by the 70% increment in crystallinity degree in all samples after 12 months of soil burial. Moreover, surface morphology showed numerous and extended crack formations. It proposes a notable deterioration effect of the biocomposite due to biodegradation. The hydrophilicity of Cs enhances water-polymer interaction, thereby accelerating the biodegradation of polymer components. Therefore, Cs could be a good candidate for facilitating PLA biodegradation in the natural soil environment.

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Plastics in Water Treatment

2022-01-01 , Nor Fauziah Zainudin , Sam Sung Ting , Wong Yee Shian , Ismail H.

Water is essential for many people around the world and needs to be conserved. Recently water shortages are becoming severe and urgent issues to be addressed due to the global population growth coupled with rapid economic developments. Water is considered contaminated when the presence of elevated concentrations of substances in water exceeds the prescribed limits. More efficient water treatments need to be developed to address the worsening clean water shortage. Water treatment facilities made from plastic materials proven to offer more advantages compared to alternative materials. Their unique properties such as lightweight, strength, chemical and corrosion resistance, weather and fire resistance, easy and long-lasting installations contribute to the excellent applications of the water treatment system. Plastic provides many solutions for ensuring the sustainability of water. The choice of plastic types of materials depends on their specific applications. In this article, we introduce different types of plastic and its advantages. The plastic applications in water treatments were also discussed in different fields of human activities such as in water and sewage treatments, irrigation and agriculture, potable water production, aquaculture and ultra-pure water production.

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Processing, tensile and morphological characteristics of polylactic acid/ Chitosan biocomposites prepared by melt compounding technique

2020-09-21 , Nor Helya Iman Kamaludin , Ismail H. , Rusli A. , Ahmad Anas Nagoor Gunny , Sam Sung Ting

Biodegradable polymers of polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (Cs) has a great potential as alternative candidates to replace conventional synthetic plastic apart to reduce the plastic waste pollution due to the unique properties of superior mechanical strength, feasible processability and rapid degradation. In this work, PLA/Cs biocomposites were prepared via melt compounding and compression moulding techniques in the absence of any plasticizer and additive. The effect of chitosan loading (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 php) on processing, tensile and morphological characteristics of PLA/Cs were evaluated using internal mixer, universal testing machine and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. Processing characteristic indicates PLA/Cs biocomposites demonstrated higher processing torque in comparison to neat PLA due to the increase in melt viscosity and decrease in chain mobility of the polymeric materials. Tensile test results revealed that the maximum strength (54.60 ± 0.51 MPa) and tensile elastic modulus (2.67 ± 0.01 GPa) was attained by PLA/2.5Cs biocomposite. In fact, the addition of chitosan content up to 10 php results in significant decreased in tensile strength and elongation at break of 23.38 ± 0.37 MPa and 0.96 ± 0.04 %, respectively. This is supported by the electron micrograph observation of the PLA/2.5Cs tensile fractured surfaces that exhibits uniform dispersion and good interfacial adhesion between chitosan and PLA matrix which signifies higher tensile properties. However, more agglomeration and poor filler-matrix interaction was observed with further addition of chitosan content of above 7.5 php which implies deterioration in tensile properties. The results suggest that the incorporation of low chitosan loading improve the processing, tensile and polymer compatibility in PLA/Cs biocomposites.

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Degradation of Diazo Congo Red Dye by Using Synthesized Poly-Ferric-Silicate-Sulphate through Co-Polymerization Process

2023-01-01 , Nor Fauziah Zainudin , Sam Sung Ting , Wong Yee Shian , Ismail H. , Walli S. , Inoue K. , Kawamura G. , Tan W.K.

The ability of poly-ferric-silicate-sulphate (PFSS) synthesized via a co-polymerization process has been applied for the removal of diazo Congo red dye. A novel degradation pathway of diazo Congo red dye by using PFSS is proposed based on LC–MS analysis. Diazo Congo red dye was successfully removed using synthesized PFSS at lower coagulant dosages and a wider pH range, i.e., 9 mg/L from pH 5 to 7, 11 mg/L at pH 9, and 50 mg/L at pH 11. The azo bond cleavage was verified by the UV–Vis spectra of diazo Congo red-loaded PFSS and FTIR spectra which showed disappearance of the peak at 1584 cm−1 for –N=N– stretching vibrations. The synchronized results of UV–Vis spectra, FTIR, and the LC–MS analysis in this study confirmed the significance of the Si and Fe bond in PFSS towards the degradation of diazo Congo red dye. The successfully synthesized PFSS coagulant was characterized by FTIR, SEM, TEM, and HRTEM analysis. From this analysis, it was proven that PFSS is a polycrystalline material which is favorable for the coagulation–flocculation process. Based on all these findings, it was established that synthesized PFSS can be employed as a highly efficient polymeric coagulant for the removal of dye from wastewater.

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