Salwa Mohd Zaini Makhtar
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Preferred name
Salwa Mohd Zaini Makhtar
Official Name
Salwa, Mohd Zaini Makhtar
Alternative Name
Makhtar, Salwa Zaini
Makhtar, S. M.Z.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
57222295195

Research Output
Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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Analysing impact of climate change on hydrological trend in Kelantan river basin using HEC-HMS coupled with SDSM

2023 , Muhammad Zahran Syahmi Armain , Zulkarnain Hassan , Sobri Harun , Mohd Remy Rozainy Mohd Arif Zainol , Ain Nihla Kamarudzaman , Salwa Mohd Zaini Makhtar

Climate change dramatically alters many hydrologic systems, which affects the availability of water and leads to runoff and river discharge. This study assessed the effects of the future scenario of climate change on the monthly river discharge of the Kelantan River Basin, Malaysia. Statistical DownScaling model (SDSM) was used to downscale the rainfall from large climate variables of the second-generation Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2) under the Representative Concentration Pathways of 8.5 (RCP 8.5) and project future river discharge using the Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS). From this study, the monthly rainfall and river discharge over the Kelantan River basin will be significantly reduced in the future by 30 and 50% compared to the current period.

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A study of water distribution near Taman Seri Wang, Arau, Perlis

2021-02-23 , Nor Amirah Abu Seman @ Haji Ahmad , Tan W.H. , Faridah Wahab , Allan Melvin Andrew , Nik Zainab Nik Azizan , Ragunathan Al Santiagoo , Salwa Mohd Zaini Makhtar

The water distribution system consists of a network of pipelines of different sizes with control valves for transporting water to all streets and providing water to consumers through the water distribution system. The water distribution system may either be continuous or intermittent. Water is available 24 hours a day and seven days a week throughout the continuous water distribution network. This study was conducted to access the water distribution near Taman Seri Wang (TSW) in Arau, Perlis. Research had been outlined to access the existing water distribution at RPA ARAU, to identify the head loss of water distribution at TSW ARAU and to determine the relationship between node demand and pressure of water distribution system at TSW ARAU. A quantitative method was used in this study, which gathers the data parameter from Syarikat Air Perlis (SAP) generated using EPANET software to calculate the head loss inside the pipe Hazen - William equation. The flow rate shows a declining value at nodes 42, 34, 54 and 46 after an analysis of 0700 hours. Simultaneously, a higher proportion of head loss is found in mainly link 1 of the water intake point and link 15 in the water tank near the study area.

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Predicting physical clogging of modular paver equipped with filter media

2023 , Salwa Mohd Zaini Makhtar , Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar , Mohammad Tamizi Selimin

Porous pavements are simple to retrofit, good at improving the hydrology and quality of the water, but prone to clogging. There is little knowledge on the physical clogging processes through these systems, even though they play a significant role in the lifespan of porous pavements. This study's objectives were to comprehend the primary physical mechanisms that control physical clogging and create a straightforward hexagonal modular (HM) model that can forecast physical congestion. A filtration system with a layered filter media granular activated carbon (GAC) and sand was installed. The clogging agent was found trapped only on the mesh because of the sizes of some of the material being larger than the size of mesh opening, while the voids of the media material were found to be not of a major effect in this respect. With the GAC and sand layers combined, the hydraulic conductivity was determined to be 0.097 cm/s and this k value can be considered low for the purpose.

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Investigation of Biosand Filter (BSF) on the Treatment Performance of Industrial Latex Wastewater

2024-01-01 , Najihah Abdul Rashid , Abdul Latif Abdul Rani , Mohd Firdaus Omar , Zainol N.A. , Salwa Mohd Zaini Makhtar , A B Wahab M. , Nabilah Aminah Lutpi , Farrah Aini Dahalan

Biosand Filters (BSF) has great potential to improve the water quality. BSF is used extensively in the treatment of drinking water in rural areas because it is affordable, simple to use, and has a high removal efficiency. This study used actual latex effluent to examine the effectiveness of SBR. The growth of the biolayer in the BSF is also observed. This study analyzes consistent and stable results for COD, DO and NH4-N+. With removal performance ranging from 87 % to 99 %. DO value for BSF varied from lowest value of 1.5 mg/L to 8mg/L. Overall, the BSF was capable of producing treated water for water reclamation.

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Investigation of Biosand Filter (BSF) on the Treatment Performance of Industrial Latex Wastewater

2024 , Najihah Abdul Rashid , Abdul Latif Abdul Rani , M F Omar , N A Zainol , Salwa Mohd Zaini Makhtar , Mahyun Ab Wahab , Nabilah Aminah Lutpi , Farrah Aini Dahalan

Biosand Filters (BSF) has great potential to improve the water quality. BSF is used extensively in the treatment of drinking water in rural areas because it is affordable, simple to use, and has a high removal efficiency. This study used actual latex effluent to examine the effectiveness of SBR. The growth of the biolayer in the BSF is also observed. This study analyzes consistent and stable results for COD, DO and NH4-N+. With removal performance ranging from 87 % to 99 %. DO value for BSF varied from lowest value of 1.5 mg/L to 8mg/L. Overall, the BSF was capable of producing treated water for water reclamation.

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Modeling and visualization of the changes of flow in the modular paver using ANSYS FLUENT

2023 , Salwa Mohd Zaini Makhtar , Nor Amirah Abu Seman @ Haji Ahmad , Ain Nihla Kamarudzaman , Zulkarnain Hassan , Noor Ainee Zainol , Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar , Mahyun Ab Wahab

Increasing quantity of stormwater runoff is natural but problematic consequences of urbanization. In addressing the issue, the porous pavement usage with modular installation system has been the new alternative being experimented instead of the traditional impervious asphalt and concrete pavers. The effectiveness of porous pavement depends upon the media materials used. This study examined the potentials of an invented surface fill arrangement to be used in conjunction with the hexagonal modular system where the media tested consists of granular activated carbon (GAC), sand and zeolite. The resulting optimum bed heights of 5 cm, 5 cm and 0 cm respectively for the GAC, sand and zeolite, corroborated with the outcome of employing the optimization function, thus validating the reliability of the given arrangement. Modeling using CFD ANSYS FLUENT software and visualizing the changes in the hexagonal module filled with GAC and sand of 5 cm thickness each resulted in a flow velocity of 3.5 x 10-5 m/s while a physical experiment on the fixed filter bed media consisting of the two materials gave an unsaturated velocity of 3.08 x 10-5 m/s. The 12 % difference between the experimental and simulated velocities was considered acceptable. The results showed that GAC and sand can be used as the media for the modular paver system that treats stormwater for heavy metals contamination while serving as a practical porous pavement alternative.

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The use of media filters in treatment of runoff pollution

2021-02-23 , Amirah A.S.N. , Ragunathan Al Santiagoo , Nik Zainab Nik Azizan , Allan Melvin Andrew , Faridah Wahab , Tan Wei Hong , Salwa Mohd Zaini Makhtar

The study will examine the ability of recycled aggregates and sand to classify wastewater in a manner that decreases the level of environmental pollution. The sample was taken from Kg Wang Ulu, Perlis agricultural district, Jejawi, Perlis industrial area and Taman Desa Katong, Perlis residential area. Water quality research has been investigated to find the characteristics of effluent such as suspended solids, BOD, COD and TSS. Three rainfall intensity values, of 5 LPM as low rainfall, 12.5 LPM as mean precipitation intensity, and 22.5 LPM as high-cut rainfall consisted of recycled aggregate and high-absorptive sand as drainage beds, were included in this operating system. Experimental findings indicate that the recycling of aggregates and sand filters has a positive effect on water in industrial and residential areas. It shows that the use of recycled aggregates as a drainage bed can increase the permeability of the region by reducing erosion, preventing flooding and promoting natural infiltration.

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Microbial fuel cell as new renewable energy for simultaneous waste bioremediation and energy recovery

2023 , Muhammad Lutfan Aiman Zamri , Salwa Mohd Zaini Makhtar , Mohamad Farhan Mohamad Sobri , Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an outstanding technology recently creating the headlines relating to energy and environment field that been discovered since the earlier 20th century. It has been furthered implemented for energy renewable through simultaneous bioremediation of wastes. MFC works by converting chemical energy store in the waste into electrical energy with the help of selected microorganisms. Regarding to this, the principle of bioremediation was applied using MFC as the renewable energy where the microorganisms consume the substrate thus generating electrical energy. Many studies done by researches are mostly focusing on MFC utilizing waste and measuring the power generation on different type of MFC but lack of studies on the effect of series and parallel circuit in MFC setup and how does it differentiate the outcome of the studies. This paper reviews the history, working principle, design of MFC, classification of different substrates and its power output and the effect of series and parallel circuit of MFC setup for simultaneous bioremediation and energy recovery.

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Preliminary study on flood simulation using the HEC-HMS model for Muda River, Malaysia

2023 , Zulkarnain Hassan , Najiha H Mohd Razali , Ain Nihla Kamarudzaman , Salwa Mohd Zaini Makhtar , Nor Aisyah Syafiqah Nordin

Flooding poses a severe threat to human beings and causes significant damage to property, infrastructure, and agricultural production. The flood also has severe consequences for socio-economic activities and can lead to the loss of human life. One of the significant factors that cause the flood is rapid development, especially in the floodplain area. This study estimates the flood discharge along the Muda River, Malaysia using Hydrological Modelling System (HEC-HMS). The finding shows that the HEC-HMS model performed well during the validation period, in which the coefficient determination (R2) between observed and simulated discharge during the validation process ranges from 0.51-0.84. In terms of design flood, the model simulated the peak flow with 1247-1448.8 m3/s and 1798.5-3662.5 m3/s for 50 and 100-year ARIs, respectively. The results obtained from this study can be used as fundamental data for advanced studies of flood control and management for better sustainable flood risk management.

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