Nur Najihah Abu Bakar
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Preferred name
Nur Najihah Abu Bakar
Official Name
Nur Najihah, Abu Bakar
Alternative Name
Abu Bakar, Nur Najihah
Abu Bakar, N.N.
Abu Bakar, N.
Abu Bakar, Nurulliyana
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
56469168600
Researcher ID
CAU-4430-2022

Research Output
Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Publication
    Load shedding analysis on microgrid during island mode
    (IOP Publishing, 2020)
    Nur Najihah Abu Bakar
    ;
    A’lia Najwa Muhamad Azmi
    ;
    Norfadilah Rosle
    ;
    Siti Sufiah Abd Wahid
    ;
    Mohd Sufian Ramli
    This paper evaluates implementation load shedding strategy in island mode of microgrid(MG). Microgrid normally operates in interconnected mode either with the medium voltage(MV) and low voltage(LV) network. Microgrid can function both in grid and island mode connected. As electricity demand increases, microgrid deployment becomes an attractive option to meet energy demands. Microgrid during utility grid failure, however, suffers from crucial stability problems come from many aspects. Load Shedding Strategy (LSS) is one of the method used to sustain operation of power system in stable state. The main objective in this paper is to analyze the implementation of Load Shedding Strategy (LSS) on two different cases. The simulation model developed from a mix of generator, photovoltaic cell of source and the lumped load. ETAP software was used in analysing the result.
  • Publication
    Electrification of onshore power systems in maritime transportation towards decarbonization of ports: a review of the cold ironing technology
    (Elsevier, 2023)
    Nur Najihah Abu Bakar
    ;
    Najmeh Bazmohammadi
    ;
    Juan C. Vasquez
    ;
    Josep M. Guerrero
    Cold ironing is a remarkable electrification innovation in the maritime industry for ship transportation, in which diesel engines driving ship generators for onboard load are switched to shore-supplied electricity during berthing. This facility serves not only as an alternative power supply for electric ships but also as part of the green port's strategy. Cold ironing installation is expected to be unavoidable in the long term for all port operators due to stringent emission policies. Even though cold ironing is used by a few ports across the world, it is still regarded as an underutilized technology due to the high upfront cost associated with the shoreside installation and ship's retrofitting, as well as unclear benefits for both sides. The involvement of diverse types of ships with different power requirements, various operational schemes, unpredictable berthing hours, uncertainty in the availability of local power sources, and synchronization issues among others make it very complex to coordinate for optimal cold ironing operations, which necessitate further investigations. This review gives an overview of cold ironing technology, including its operation, power requirement, standardization, challenges, and important assessment for evaluation. A cold ironing implementation strategy to achieve the ultimate seaport decarbonization goal through a synergy between cold ironing and seaport microgrid is also addressed.
  • Publication
    Electrification of onshore power systems in maritime transportation towards decarbonization of ports: A review of the cold ironing technology
    ( 2023-05)
    Nur Najihah Abu Bakar
    ;
    Najmeh Bazmohammadi
    ;
    Juan C. Vasquez
    ;
    Josep M. Guerrero
    Cold ironing is a remarkable electrification innovation in the maritime industry for ship transportation, in which diesel engines driving ship generators for onboard load are switched to shore-supplied electricity during berthing. This facility serves not only as an alternative power supply for electric ships but also as part of the green port's strategy. Cold ironing installation is expected to be unavoidable in the long term for all port operators due to stringent emission policies. Even though cold ironing is used by a few ports across the world, it is still regarded as an underutilized technology due to the high upfront cost associated with the shoreside installation and ship's retrofitting, as well as unclear benefits for both sides. The involvement of diverse types of ships with different power requirements, various operational schemes, unpredictable berthing hours, uncertainty in the availability of local power sources, and synchronization issues among others make it very complex to coordinate for optimal cold ironing operations, which necessitate further investigations. This review gives an overview of cold ironing technology, including its operation, power requirement, standardization, challenges, and important assessment for evaluation. A cold ironing implementation strategy to achieve the ultimate seaport decarbonization goal through a synergy between cold ironing and seaport microgrid is also addressed.
      2  14
  • Publication
    Fault detection and classification in three phase series compensated transmission line using ANN
    (IOP Publishing, 2020)
    Norfadilah Rosle
    ;
    Noor Fazliana Fadzail
    ;
    M I A Halim
    ;
    Mohamad Nur Khairul Hafizi Rohani
    ;
    Muhammad Izuan Fahmi Romli
    ;
    Leow Wai Zhe
    ;
    Nur Najihah Abu Bakar
    Series compensation consists of capacitors in series is used in the transmission lines as a tool to improve the performance after disturbed by a fault. Transmission line needs a protection scheme to protect the lines from faults due to natural disturbances, short circuit and open circuit faults. The fault can happen in any location of transmission line and it is important to know which location has been affected. So that, the fault can be eliminated and can maintain the optimum performance. Therefore, in this paper Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used to detect and classified the fault happen in single line to ground fault and three phase to ground fault. Two different tests of each types of fault have been tested in order to prove the effectiveness of ANN to detect the fault location by using different length and fault resistance. The simulation has been accomplished in MATLAB with ANN fitting tool which build and train the network before evaluated its performance using regression analysis. The analysis shows that the ANN can accurately detect the different types of faults and classified it into the respective category even the random vectors are put on the system are used.
      10  1
  • Publication
    Two-stage energy management framework of the cold ironing cooperative with renewable energy for ferry
    (Elsevier, 2024-07-01)
    Nur Najihah Abu Bakar
    ;
    Tayfun Uyanik
    ;
    Yasin Arslanoglu
    ;
    Juan C. Vasquez
    ;
    Josep M. Guerrero
    The cold ironing system is gaining interest as a promising approach to reduce emissions from ship transportation at ports, enabling further reductions with clean energy sources coordination. While cold ironing has predominantly been applied to long-staying vessels like cruise ships and containers, feasibility studies for short-berthing ships such as ferries are limited. However, the growing demand for short-distance logistics and passenger transfers highlights the need to tackle emissions issues from ferry transportation. Incorporating electrification technology together with integrated energy management systems can significantly reduce emissions from ferry operations. Accordingly, this paper proposes a cooperative cold ironing system integrated with clean energy sources for ferry terminals. A two-stage energy management strategy combining sizing and scheduling optimization is employed to reduce the port's emissions while minimizing system and operational costs. The proposed system configuration, determined through the sizing method, yields the lowest net present cost of $9.04 M. The applied energy management strategy managed to reduce operational costs by up to 63.402 %, while significantly decreasing emissions from both shipside and shoreside operations. From the shipside, emissions reductions of 38.44 % for CO2, 97.7 % for NOX, 96.69 % for SO2, and 92.1 % for PM were achieved. From the shoreside, the approach led to a 28 % reduction across all emission types. Thus, implementing cold ironing powered by clean energy sources is a viable solution for reducing emissions generated by ferry operations. The proposed energy management approach enables emissions reduction and delivering cost-effectiveness at ferry terminals.