Nur Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos
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Preferred name
Nur Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos
Official Name
Nur Farhana Diyana, Mohd Yunos
Alternative Name
Yunos, Nur Farhana Mohd
Yunos, Nur Farhana M.
Mohd Yunos, Nur Farhana
Yunos, N. F.
Yunos, N. F.M
Nur Yunos, F.
Yunos, Nur F.
Yunos, N. F.D.M.
Yunos, M.
Yunus, Nur Farhana M.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
44062005100
Researcher ID
I-2598-2019

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Structural Characterizations and Phase Transition on the Reducibility of Ilmenite Ore with Different Carbon Reductants by Carbothermal Reduction Under Hydrogen Atmosphere

2023-12-01 , Nur Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos , Muhammad Asri Idris , Nasrun N.A. , Kurniawan A. , Nomura T. , Rezan S.A.

This research focused on investigating the properties and phase transition of ilmenite ore with various carbon reductants by performing a carbothermal reduction, followed by a hydrogen reduction (Ar:H2) at 900–1000 Â°C to extract rutile from the ore. To comprehend the impact of the carbon structure and characteristics on the reduction performance and incorporate a thermodynamic assessment during reduction reactions, two distinct carbon reductants: graphite (GI) and renewable carbon from palm char (PI), were selected. The phase transitions and reduced samples were examined using both qualitative and quantitative X-ray diffraction. The results revealed that ilmenite ore transformed into pseudobrookite ferrous (FeTi2O5), titanium trioxide (Ti3O5), rutile (TiO2), and iron (Fe) after carbothermal reduction at 1550 Â°C where brookite (TiO2) and anatase (TiO2) peaks were diminished. As the temperature rose during the secondary reduction by hydrogen, the reduction reaction sequenced as follows: FeTi2O5 → Ti3O5 → Ti2O3 → TiO2 and Fe. Due to the carbon structure and superior characteristics, the reduced PI demonstrated a greater degree of TiO2 reduction (81.8%) than the reduced GI (74.8%) at the highest reduction temperature of 1000 Â°C. In the early and middle stages of the reaction at high temperatures, the carbothermal reduction of ilmenite ore with solid carbon and CO participated and produced rutile, iron, and Ti3O5, whereas, in the latter stages, rutile, iron, and Ti2O3 are mostly formed when reduced by hydrogen. In conclusion, employing palm char with hydrogen atmosphere to extract pure rutile from ilmenite ore might be accomplished by using these proposed methods. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

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Phase Reduction and Thermodynamic Analysis of Ilmenite Ore by Carbothermal-Iodination using Different Carbon Reductants

2023-12-01 , Nasrun N.A. , Nur Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos , Muhammad Asri Idris , Sri Raj Rajeswari Munusamy , Takahiro N. , Rezan S.A.

The present study is on the combination of carbothermal reduction and iodination reaction (carboiodination) process for the phase reduction of ilmenite ore (FeTiO3). The aim is to understand the phase reduction and thermodynamic reaction analysis of ilmenite ore by a combined method of carbothermal-iodination using different carbon reductants (graphite and palm char). Graphite was used as a standard carbon reductant while palm char as a renewable carbon reductant was prepared via the pyrolysis technique. Ilmenite was mixed with carbon reductants and then first reduced by using a carbothermal reduction process at 1550℃. Then, the reduced samples were further investigated with iodination reaction in different temperature ranges of 900-1000 °C using a vertical tube furnace with mixed argon and iodine gas (0.2 L/min). The proximate and ultimate analyses of carbon reductants were analysed by CHON analyser and their microstructure by using SEM, while XRF and XRD were used for analyzing the chemical compositions and the phase reductions of raw ilmenite ore and reduced samples, respectively. The thermodynamics of possible reactions during carbothermal-iodination reactions were calculated by HSC Chemistry 6.0 software. By comparing graphite and palm char, palm char had an amorphous structure, with porous and high carbon content showing high potential for usage as a reductant in titanium extraction from ilmenite ore. The phases of ilmenite ore were ilmenite, rutile, and anatase transformed into rutile, pseudobrookite, and titanium oxide detected by XRD. Further reduction was performed by palm char where more rutile (TiO2) and titanium oxide (Ti3O5) developed from the iodination reaction at the highest temperature compared to graphite due to better properties and amorphous structure. The rutile and titanium oxide were found as stable phases from the thermodynamic analysis and confirmed with XRD. From the findings, the combination of carbothermal-iodination of ilmenite ore was possible and promising for rutile (TiO2) production in mineral extractions.

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