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Spatio-temporal variation of Particulate Matter (PM10) during High Particulate Event (HPE) in Malaysia

2022-01-01 , Ridzuan N.A.M. , Norazian Mohamed Noor , Rahim N.A.A.A. , Jafri I.A.M. , Gyeorgy D.

Particulate matter (PM10) is the key indicator of air quality index in Malaysia and Southeast Asia's main haze-related pollutant. PM10 emanation is believed to cause the strongest harm to public health and the environment. Therefore, it is very important to study the temporal and spatial characteristics of PM10 and the weather parameters, hence the relationship between them can be identified. A database with hourly PM10 concentration and weather parameters were obtained from Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia from the period of 2012–2016 at two study areas that are located in Klang Valley, namely, Petaling Jaya and Shah Alam. The temporal analysis for PM10 concentration was observed by using descriptive statistics, boxplot and time series plot whereas the spatial analysis was conducted using windrose diagram. The finding shows that the highest average concentration of PM10 at Petaling Jaya and Shah Alam in 2015 exceeded the Malaysia Ambient Air Quality Standard, which were 60.13 Âµg/m3 and 66.22 Âµg/m3 respectively. It was due to high particulate event (HPE) that had affected Malaysia during the period of Southwest Monsoon, where the massive land and forest fires came from Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia. According to the wind rose rose diagram, the wind mostly blew from northeast in January until February as Malaysia experienced northeast monsoon where rainfall happened. Shah Alam received stronger wind compared to the Petaling Jaya because the topography of city.

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Variability of PM10 level with gaseous pollutants and meteorological parameters during episodic haze event in Malaysia: domestic or solely transboundary factor?

2023 , Nur Alis Addiena A Rahim , Norazian Mohamed Noor , Izzati Amani Mohd Jafri , Ahmad Zia Ul-Saufie , Norazrin Ramli , Ain Nihla Kamarudzaman , Nor Amirah Abu Seman @ Haji Ahmad , Mohd Remy Rozainy Mohd Arif Zainol , Sandu Andrei Victor , Gyorgy Deak

Haze has become a seasonal phenomenon affecting Southeast Asia, including Malaysia, and has occurred almost every year within the last few decades. Air pollutants, specifically particulate matter, have drawn a lot of attention due to their adverse impact on human health. In this study, the spatial and temporal variability of the PM10 concentration at Kelang, Melaka, Pasir Gudang, and Petaling Jaya during historic haze events were analysed. An hourly dataset consisting of PM10, gaseous pollutants and weather parameters were obtained from Department of Environment Malaysia. The mean PM10 concentrations exceeded the stipulated Recommended Malaysia Ambient Air Quality Guideline for the yearly average of 150 μg/m3 except for Pasir Gudang in 1997 and 2005, and Petaling Jaya in 2013. The PM10 concentrations exhibit greater variability in the southwest monsoon and inter-monsoon periods at the studied year. The air masses are found to be originating from the region of Sumatra during the haze episodes. Strong to moderate correlation of PM10 concentrations was found between CO during the years that recorded episodic haze, meanwhile, the relationship of PM10 level with SO2 was found to be significant in 2013 with significant negatively correlated relative humidity. Weak correlation of PM10-NOx was measured in all study areas probably due to less contribution of domestic anthropogenic sources towards haze events in Malaysia.

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Spatial and temporal analysis of Particulate Matter (PM10) in urban-industrial environment during episodic haze events in Malaysia

2023 , Izzati Amani Mohd Jafri , Norazian Mohamed Noor , Nur Alis Addiena A. Rahim , Ahmad Zia Ul-Saufie , Zulkarnain Hassan , György Deak

Haze episode in Malaysia typically takes place during the dry monsoon season. As a result, high concentration of atmospheric particles was recorded primarily brought by transboundary air pollution from the neighbour country. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate and compare the level of particulate matter (PM10) at urban-industrial areas during the episodic haze episodes in Malaysia. Hourly PM10 concentration with the concentration of gaseous air pollutants such as NOx, NO2, SO2, CO and O3 and meteorological parameters (relative humidity, temperature, wind speed) at urban-industrial areas namely Shah Alam (Selangor), Nilai (Negeri Sembilan), Bukit Rambai (Melaka) and Larkin (Johor), during the haze episode in 1997, 2005, 2013 and 2015 were used for analysis. In this study, spatio-temporal and correlation analysis were used to provide an overview of the distribution pattern and examine the relationships between the gaseous air pollutants and meteorological parameters with PM10 concentration. From the descriptive statistics, it was observed that PM10 level for all study areas were skewed to the right (> + 1) indicating occurrences of extreme events. A significant peak of PM10 concentration for each year of haze events were observed to be started in June or during the southwest monsoon to the inter monsoon in October. The occurrence, duration and impact of 1997 haze was detected to be identical to the 2015 haze event that reached its peak in October. From the correlation analysis, PM10 concentration were strongly correlated to the CO concentration (r > 0.5) during High Particulate Event (HPE). Very weak relationship of PM10 level with meteorological parameters (r < 0.3) were observed. Interestingly, O3 level shows very strong correlation with the meteorological parameters during HPE. The findings provide comprehensive evaluation on PM10 level during the historic haze episodes, thus can help the authorities in developing policies and guidelines to effectively monitor and reduce the negative impact of haze events.