Nor Hidawati Elias
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Nor Hidawati Elias
Official Name
Nor Hidawati, Elias
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Elias, Nor H.
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Scopus Author ID
56808970800

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Bioconversion of organic wastes by Black Soldier Fly for chitin, lipid and protein production

2023-07 , Muhammad Hazim Aminuddin , Nor Hidawati Elias , Moh Jin Hao , Nurhadijah Zainalabidin

The bioconversion of organic waste into black soldier fly (BSF) larvae, which is a valuable source of lipid, and protein, is part on an ongoing creative effort in valorising waste. Besides lipid and protein, BSF larvae also contain significant amounts of chitin, a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine that make up the backbone of the polysaccharide structure normally found in insects. In this study, the effects of organic waste type and moisture content on biomass conversion ratio were investigated. BSF larval development (larvae to prepupae to pupae) was found to occur to the highest extent (98.90 ± 0.71 % biomass converted) when kitchen waste (KW) was used compared to when vegetables waste (VW) (84.6 ± 1.41 % biomass converted) or fruit waste (FW) was used (87.5± 0.71 % biomass converted). The optimal moisture content of the kitchen waste was found to be 80 %, which results in the highest waste biomass conversion of 99.8 % ± 0.58. The BSF larvae were found to have approximately 38 –42 % crude lipid, 34 –41 % crude protein, and 8 –9 % ash content. Chitin was isolated through a three-step process of deproteinization, demineralization, and decolorization. A yellowish-grey powder was obtained at the end of the isolation process and the chitin yield was determined to be 4 –6% (g/g). Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) analyses confirmedthe chitin yield by identifying the -OH,-CH3CONH, and -CO stretching of its polysaccharides and glucosamine rings; and the lipid yield by noting the disappearance of the hydroxyl stretching that had been present in the spectra of unprocessed BSF larvae, and the appearance of X–H stretching which indicates the presence of triglyceride functional groups

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Bioinsecticidal Activity of Roots and Leaves Extract of Cymbopogon citratus on Sitophyluz oryzae

2024-12-02 , Nurhadijah Zainalabidin , Muhamad Ikmal Sirozi , Nor Hidawati Elias

Sitophilus oryzae is a storage pest of serious concern nowadays, which causes various losses by destroying large quantities of grains, legumes, and other food materials. Several methods have been utilized to overcome the infestation of this pest, including synthetic pesticides. However, this method somehow negatively impacted the surroundings, especially the non-targeting organism. Thus, biopesticides safe to nature and ecosystems can be applied as an alternative. The aim of this research was to study the bioinsecticidal activities of Cymbopogon citratus leaves and root extract against Sitophilus oryzae. The bioinsecticidal activity was assessed through repellency tests, contact activity, and phytochemical analysis. Roots and leaves were extracted using solvents such as ethanol, methanol, and chloroform. Extract concentration was varied to 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm for repellency and contact activity tests. Based on the data obtained, it was best described that ethanolic extract of C. citratus root shows the highest repellency of 100% after 5 h exposure to 200 ppm extract concentration with a mean repellency of 80.7%. Both ethanolic extract of C. citratus root and leaves at 200 ppm show 100% mortality of S. oryzae after 24 h exposure. Based on phytochemical screening, saponin, phenols, and tannins were detected in both the root and leaves of C. citratus, which might be possible to contribute in the bioinsecticidal activity.

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Bioconversion of organic wastes by black soldier fly for chitin, lipid and protein production

2023-07 , Muhammad Hazim Aminuddin , Nor Hidawati Elias , Moh Jin Hao , Nurhadijah Zainalabidin

The bioconversion of organic waste into black soldier fly (BSF) larvae, which is a valuable source of lipid, and protein, is part on an ongoing creative effort in valorising waste. Besides lipid and protein, BSF larvae also contain significant amounts of chitin, a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine that make up the backbone of the polysaccharide structure normally found in insects. In this study, the effects of organic waste type and moisture content on biomass conversion ratio were investigated. BSF larval development (larvae to prepupae to pupae) was found to occur to the highest extent (98.90 ± 0.71 % biomass converted) when kitchen waste (KW) was used compared to when vegetables waste (VW) (84.6 ± 1.41 % biomass converted) or fruit waste (FW) was used (87.5± 0.71 % biomass converted). The optimal moisture content of the kitchen waste was found to be 80 %, which results in the highest waste biomass conversion of 99.8 % ± 0.58. The BSF larvae were found to have approximately 38 – 42 % crude lipid, 34 – 41 % crude protein, and 8 – 9 % ash content. Chitin was isolated through a three-step process of deproteinization, demineralization, and decolorization. A yellowish-grey powder was obtained at the end of the isolation process and the chitin yield was determined to be 4 – 6% (g/g). Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) analyses confirmed the chitin yield by identifying the -OH, - CH3CONH, and -CO stretching of its polysaccharides and glucosamine rings; and the lipid yield by noting the disappearance of the hydroxyl stretching that had been present in the spectra of unprocessed BSF larvae, and the appearance of X–H stretching which indicates the presence of triglyceride functional groups.

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Insecticidal activity of Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix) against Rice Weevil (Sitophylus oryzae)

2024-03 , Adila Fazliyana Aili Hamzah , Nurhadijah Zainalabidin , Nor Hidawati Elias

The aim of this study is to analyze the potential use of kaffir lime leaves and peel extract as bioinsecticides against rice weevils. The assessment of bioinsecticidal activity was studied through contact activity, repellency, antifeedant, and progeny and growth development tests. Contact activity tests resulted in increased adult mortality with increased extract concentrations from 10 to 50 mg/L after 24 hours. The leaf extract (LC50=18 mg/L) showed a higher mortality rate compared to fruit peel extracts (LC50=54 mg/L), with 100 % and 60 % mortality, respectively. The leaf extracts with a mean repellency of 68 % significantly repelled rice weevils compared to the 42 % repellency of fruit peel extracts. The leaf extract was classified in repellency class IV, while the peel extract was in repellency class II. With the use of Kaffir lime leaf extracts, F1 adults were completely suppressed at 20 mg/L concentration of leaf extract with a 100 % inhibition rate.

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