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Nor Fauziah Zainudin
Parameter effects and optimisation studies on ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenolics from mango peel wastes
2024-04
,
Noor Amirah Abdul Halim
,
Mohammed Abdullah Issa
,
Wan Jing Ooi
,
Sharifah Zati Hanani Syed Zuber
,
Nor Fauziah Zainudin
,
Rozaini Abdullah
In this study, the bioactive properties, such as the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid compound (TFC), and the antioxidant activity of mango peel wastes (MPW) extract were evaluated. The extract was obtained through an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique, where 70% ethanol was used as the extractive medium. The main effects of extraction parameters involving the solvent-to-sample ratio, sonication time, and extraction time were studied through a single-factor experiment. It was found that the highest TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity can be obtained at conditions of 40 mL/g, 30 min, and 50 °C, respectively. Based on the conditions, the TPC was optimised by response surface methodology (RSM), where a significant quadratic regression model with R2 of 0.92 was acquired. The optimum conditions were obtained at 41.49:1 solvent-to-sample ratio, 31.15 min sonication time, and 46.87 °C extraction temperature with a maximum TPC of 25.58 mg GAE/g. Validation experiments were conducted at the optimum extraction condition and successfully yielded a higher TPC yield with an average value of 26.11±2.11 mg GAE/g.