Zafifah Zamrud
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Preferred name
Zafifah Zamrud
Official Name
Zafifah, Zamrud
Alternative Name
zamrud, zafifah
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Scopus Author ID
55907711800
Researcher ID
CKD-8586-2022

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  • Publication
    Ammonium adsorption - Desorption using rice husk biochar
    ( 2021-05-24)
    Khairunissa Syairah Ahmad Sohaimi
    ;
    Nur Izzati Iberahim
    ;
    Ghani A.A.
    ;
    Zafifah Zamrud
    ;
    Heng C.W.
    Rice husk was utilized into biochar by pyrolysis and used as adsorbent for ammonium removal. Rice husk biochar (RHB) was produced at temperature of 3500C, 4000C, 4500C, 5000C, and 5500C. Characteristics of biochar were analyzed by moisture content, ash content, pH Zero Charge and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. As the temperature for the pyrolysis increases, the moisture content of RHB decreases while the ash content of RHB increases. From the pH zero charge analysis, the value obtained from analysis is pH 7. The FTIR spectra showed the organic part of RHB with different functional groups such as alkene, alcohol, phenol, ether, ester etc. Based on the result of the characterization test, RHB500 was chosen as the best biochar for the adsorption of ammonium. The equilibrium contact time was 180 minutes and the optimum adsorbent dosage was 0.1g and the optimum concentration of ammonium was 1.2 ppm. For the adsorption-desorption of ammonium, RHB can run up to 5 cycles for biochar regeneration. Adsorption kinetic, pseudo-second-order model is more preferable than pseudo-first-order model because R2 value is 0.9995 which closer to 1.
  • Publication
    The Effect of Halloysite on the Characterization of Sago Starch Bio-Nanocomposite Films
    ( 2023-06-09)
    Zafifah Zamrud
    ;
    Mazlan M.M.
    ;
    Alamaria A.
    Starch is a naturally occurring biopolymer that, once plasticized, may be treated thermally to provide a biodegradable alternative to conventional plastics. Bio-nanocomposite blended films were prepared using sago starch as the based material by solution casting method. The effect of halloysite nanofiller loading on the properties of the bio-nanocomposite films based on sago starch were investigated. The solution was mixed with polyvinyl alcohol and glycerol as additives and reinforced with halloysite nano-clay at 1%, 2%, 3% and 5%. Fractured surface morphologies, chemical characteristics, tensile and mechanical strength, and biodegradability were assessed in all blended films. Water swelling experiments were used to assess the surface hydrophilicity and swelling behaviour of the blended films. The results revealed that film with 1% halloysite loading performs better than film with other halloysite loading with a soil degradation of 20.89%, tensile strength of 1% HNT loading is 0.0575 Pa, and degree of swelling of 1.75%. The results showed that incorporating nanofiller can significantly improve sago starch-based bio-nanocomposite films.