Muhammad Sofwan Mohamad
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Preferred name
Muhammad Sofwan Mohamad
Official Name
Muhammad Sofwan, Mohamad
Alternative Name
Mohamad, M. Sofwan
Mohamad, Muhammad Sofwan
Mohamad, M. S.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
57212167755
Researcher ID
DGC-8778-2022

Research Output

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  • Publication
    Impact of intake manifold geometry on power and torque: a simulation-based study
    (Semarak Ilmu Publishing, 2025)
    Muhammad Hussein Akbar Ali
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Eswanto
    ;
    Naoki Maruyama
    ;
    Girrimuniswar Ramasamy
    ;
    Muhammad Sofwan Mohamad
    ;
    Rishan Murali
    ;
    Azizul Aziz Ishak
    ;
    Muhammad Faiz Hilmi Rani
    The internal combustion engine (ICE) remains pivotal in motorcycle technology, primarily due to its efficiency, energy density, and established infrastructure, despite the rise of electric vehicles. This study examines the influence of intake manifold design parameters on the performance of a single-cylinder internal combustion engine (ICE), with a specific focus on brake power and brake torque at high engine speeds. A comprehensive parametric analysis was conducted using a 1D simulation model in Ricardo Wave, evaluating the effects of manifold length, diameter, and bending angle on engine performance metrics. The results demonstrate that the optimized intake manifold design yields a 7.75% improvement in brake power and a 6.5% enhancement in brake torque at 10,000 RPM compared to the baseline configuration. Mid-range values for manifold length and diameter were found to achieve optimal airflow dynamics, effectively minimizing pressure losses. Additionally, a bending angle of 70° exhibited superior stability in power delivery at elevated engine speeds. These findings underscore the critical role of intake manifold geometry optimization in achieving enhanced engine performance under high-speed operating conditions.
  • Publication
    Performance characterisation of thermal energy storage containing a Phase Change Material (PCM) sphere with low conductivity fins: simulation-based analysis
    (Semarak Ilmu Publishing, 2024-11)
    Muhammad Syahir Ahmad Fouzi
    ;
    Nasrul Amri Mohd Amin
    ;
    Anas Hakimi Anas Hafidz
    ;
    Azizul Mohamad
    ;
    Nursyazwani Abdul Aziz
    ;
    Muhammad Sofwan Mohamad
    ;
    Izzuddin Zaman
    ;
    Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid
    This paper presents the outcomes of a simulation study aimed at investigating the thermal performance of modified phase change material (PCM) structures within a sphere with integrated fins. The escalating global warming crisis and its associated weather anomalies necessitate urgent measures to mitigate its impacts. Numerous research endeavours have been undertaken to address this issue, including the utilization of thermal energy storage systems (TES) augmented with PCM. PCM can be incorporated into building walls to counteract rising temperatures. However, inadequate heat transfer caused by poor thermal conductivity has been a persistent challenge in these systems. The addition of high conductivity fins has found to improve the overall performance of TES. Yet, this study proposes the addition of low conductivity fins to study for the effect of shape factor to its performance. The research evaluates the phase change of 2-fins and 4-fins with varying thicknesses within the PCM structure. A comprehensive simulation framework is employed to analyse the thermal behaviour of the PCM-enhanced sphere without considering ambient temperature nor PCM properties, but fin dimensions and configurations. The simulation results reveal that the inclusion of fins significantly improves heat transfer within the system by cutting a minimum of 20% in phase change time and could promote the phase change process to happen earlier by a maximum of 38% in starting time. By optimizing the fin configuration and thickness, the overall thermal conductivity of the PCM-based TES can be enhanced. These findings contribute to the development of efficient thermal energy storage systems, offering potential solutions to combat global warming and promote sustainable thermal management.
      1  1
  • Publication
    Flow fluctuation during flow boiling of binary mixtures in high aspect ratio microchannel
    (IOP Publishing, 2023)
    Arif Widyatama
    ;
    Mandi Venter
    ;
    Muhammad Sofwan Mohamad
    ;
    Jacob Dirker
    ;
    Daniel Orejon
    ;
    Khellil Sefiane
    Flow boiling performance is affected by several factors, such as channel characteristics and working fluid types. It is found that there is still limited study that discusses the use of binary mixtures combined with high aspect ratio microchannels. The aim of this study is to investigate the flow fluctuation during flow boiling of binary mixtures in rectangular microchannels. Here, a 6 mm width and 0.3 mm depth rectangular channel was utilised, and it represents a hydraulic diameter of 571 μm and an aspect ratio of 20. In the present works, a mass flux of 10 kg m−2 s−1 was used, and the heat flux ranged from 15.2 and 21.0 kW m−2. The image processing technique was applied to track the bubble tail movement. In addition, the thermal camera was utilised to gather the wall temperature distribution of the channel. The preliminary results show that the use of binary mixtures influences the vapour fraction in the channel and the flow fluctuation characteristics. Some differences are observed in terms of wall temperature characteristics. However, the rapid increase of wall temperature is found in the outlet region for high flux cases under all liquid types which suggests the dominance of dry out event.
      2  11
  • Publication
    Two dimensional numerical simulations of a free-falling liquid gallium droplet in quiescent water
    (Inderscience Enterprises Ltd., 2023-05)
    Khellil Sefiane
    ;
    Muhammad Sofwan Mohamad
    ;
    Rachid Bennacer
    In this study a Lattice Boltzman (LBM) approach is used to simulate free falling drops of liquid metal Gallium into a quiescent water column. The numerical simulations aimed at reproducing experimental observations of the deformations of the Gallium drops and its solutions during the fall. The developed code is first tested against literature for rising bubbles, which showed good agreement. The previously performed experimental investigations allowed the study of a falling liquid Gallium into a column of water to validate the simulations. Parameters such as size of the droplets and viscosity ratios are investigated in the simulations. Deformation mechanisms are explored by studying the instantaneous velocity and pressure field around the drop. A comparison between the numerical simulations and the experimental data showed a good agreement.
  • Publication
    Maximum spreading diameter of a water droplet after impact on a hot surface beyond Leidenfrost temperature
    ( 2023)
    Mohd Zaidul Fikry Juhar
    ;
    Muhammad Sofwan Mohamad
    ;
    Suhaimi Illias
    ;
    Nasrul Amri Mohd Amin
    ;
    Suhaila Hussain
    ;
    Mohd Hanafi Ani
    The impact of liquid droplets on heated surfaces are relevance across a range of applications. The maximum spreading diameter of water droplet during impact on hot surface was experimentally studied. The surface was made of aluminium. The diameter and height of the aluminium block was 70.0 mm and 30.0 mm, respectively. During experiment, the test surface was heated beyond Leidenfrost temperature. A high-speed video camera was used to capture the droplet images from the first impact until the droplet reached maximum spreading condition. The frame rate was set to be 2,000 fps. Distilled water was used as the test liquid. The impact height was set to be about 65.0 mm. From the high-speed images analysis, the droplet diameter was found to be approximately 4.5 mm. The measured droplet maximum spreading diameters were found to have a good agreement with theoretical calculation.
      2  31
  • Publication
    Intake manifold material selection and fluid flow analysis for formula society of automotive engineers (FSAE) race car
    (Semarak Ilmu Publishing, 2023)
    Sufi Suraya Halim
    ;
    Md. Tasyrif bin Abdul Rahman
    ;
    Abdul Hamid Adom
    ;
    Muhammad Sofwan Mohamad
    ;
    Azizul Mohamad
    ;
    Nasrul Amri Mohd Amin
    The Formula SAE competition is organised for students who want to design and build a Formula-style race car. To limit the car's performance for safety and to encourage problem-solving skills, a 20mm restrictor was installed between the carburetor and the intake manifold to reduce air intake. When airflow is restricted, a bottleneck effect occurs, and less air is supplied to the engine for combustion, lowering engine efficiency. The goal of this project is to find a solution to this problem within the rules' limitations. This is accomplished by selecting an intake manifold that provides the best uniform distribution through each outlet and selecting a material that can withstand engine stress and vibrations while maintaining a relatively low temperature to ensure consistent velocity and pressure. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software is used to analyse the design's fluid flow, static, and thermal analysis, and the results are compared for each design. The best design and material will be used on the Universiti Malaysia Perlis Automotive Racing Team (UniART) race car