Now showing 1 - 10 of 49
  • Publication
    Characterizations of Cascaded Micro-ring Resonators
    ( 2020-03-20)
    Uddin M.R.
    ;
    Yazid M.
    ;
    Law F.K.
    ;
    The effects of cascading the ring resonator to form wavelength filters is a major focus of this paper, the results tested between the two methods of cascading the rings are the trends between the two types of cascaded rings for the ON-OFF ratio where the serially cascaded method was found to make better filters, -3dB bandwidth which is the width of the pass-band of through-port and drop-port where both the two cascading methods have the same effect as the numbers of rings increases. The delay times of the output for use in telecommunication are also simulated illustrating that only the parallel cascaded method provides this property.
  • Publication
    Design and Implementation of FPGA-based Single Computing Engine of VLC Image Transfer
    ( 2023-10-06)
    Ismail S.N.
    ;
    ;
    Salih M.H.
    ;
    This paper has proposed a single computing engine based on VLC technology for use in real-time to secured image of transmitter and receiver systems implemented on an FPGA in real time. It is proposed that a single computing engine system consist of the following components be implemented: UART control, FIFO buffer, VGA controller, and 128-bits AES algorithm decryption and encryption. An Altera DE1-SoC board is used to implement the design, coded in VHDL, and implemented in Quartz prime 15.1 FPGA using a software platform system architecture. The single computing engine communication via VLC system hardware provides the highest security benefit with excellent image quality and unnoticeable local area communication security features. It has been demonstrated through implementation results that the single computing engine can operate at a maximum clock frequency of Fmax 170.97 MHz and achieve a throughput of 1.367 Mbps with the design single computing engine.
  • Publication
    Comparison study of 8-PPM, 8-DPIM, AND 8-RDH-PIM modulator FPGA hardware design in term of bandwidth efficiency and transmission rate
    ( 2020-04-01)
    Ilyas M.A.B.
    ;
    Othman M.
    ;
    Talib R.B.
    ;
    Yahya R.B.
    ;
    Yaacob M.
    ;
    Mustam S.B.M.
    ;
    Jaafar M.B.
    ;
    In this paper, a performance study of 8-Pulse-Position Modulation (PPM), 8-Digital Pulse Interval Modulation (DPIM), and 8-Reverse Dual Header-Pulse Interval Modulation (RDH-PIM) implementation in Verilog hardware design language is presented. The hardware design is chosen over software design since it could provide much more flexibility in term of transmission rate and reduce the workload of the processor in the complete system. Using 50 MHz clock as the reference data clock speeds, the transmission rate recorded are 11.11 Msymbol/second or 33.33 Mbps, 9.09 Msymbol/s or 27.27 Mbps, and 6.25 Msymbol/s or 18.75 Mbps for 8-RDH-PIM, 8-DPIM, and 8-PPM respectively. We conclude that 8-RDH-PIM modulator design provides better performance in term of bandwidth utilization and transmission rate as compared to 8-PPM and 8-DPIM.
  • Publication
    Hybrid Dy-NFIS & RLS equalization for ZCC code in optical-CDMA over multi-mode optical fiber
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Ghazi A.
    ;
    ; ;
    Fareed A.
    ;
    Al-dawoodi A.
    ;
    ; ;
    Ali N.
    ;
    Mohsin A.H.
    ;
    Abdullah S.S.
    For long haul coherent optical fiber communication systems, it is significant to precisely monitor the quality of transmission links and optical signals. The channel capacity beyond Shannon limit of Single-mode optical fiber (SMOF) is achieved with the help of Multi-mode optical fiber (MMOF), where the signal is multiplexed in different spatial modes. To increase single-mode transmission capacity and to avoid a foreseen “capacity crunch”, researchers have been motivated to employ MMOF as an alternative. Furthermore, different multiplexing techniques could be applied in MMOF to improve the communication system. One of these techniques is the Optical Code Division Multiple Access (Optical-CDMA), which simplifies and decentralizes network controls to improve spectral efficiency and information security increasing flexibility in bandwidth granularity. This technique also allows synchronous and simultaneous transmission medium to be shared by many users. However, during the propagation of the data over the MMOF based on Optical-CDMA, an inevitable encountered issue is pulse dispersion, nonlinearity and MAI due to mode coupling. Moreover, pulse dispersion, nonlinearity and MAI are significant aspects for the evaluation of the performance of high-speed MMOF communication systems based on Optical-CDMA. This work suggests a hybrid algorithm based on nonlinear algorithm (Dynamic evolving neural fuzzy inference (Dy-NFIS)) and linear algorithm (Recursive least squares (RLS)) equalization for ZCC code in Optical-CDMA over MMOF. Root mean squared error (RMSE), mean squared error (MSE) and Structural Similarity index (SSIM) are used to measure performance results.
  • Publication
    Effect of phase imbalance on the mm-wave signal in the DWDM-RoF system
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Mahmood R.M.
    ;
    Yaakob S.
    ;
    Ahmad F.A.
    ;
    Ahmad Anas S.B.
    ;
    Zan Z.
    ;
    Hassan A.
    ;
    Kadir M.Z.A.
    ;
    ;
    Mahmud A.
    Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) and radio over fiber (RoF) are promising technologies that are able to provide unlimited transmission capacity, which meets the growing demands of bandwidth in communication systems. In this paper, an architecture for DWDM-RoF access networks uses a single Mach Zehnder modulator (MZM) to generate the mm-wave signal. This paper aims to study the effect of phase imbalance on the mm-wave signal to reduce the insertion loss in the system. It is found that the phase imbalance affects the insertion loss. The phase imbalance can be controlled by adjusting the injected phase, and the best result is collected at π 3 and 5π 12 phases.
  • Publication
    Medical healthcare M2M system using the VLC system
    The RF communication has suffered from the interference and excessive latency issues. It is required a separated setup for transmission and reception of RF waves. To overcome this problem, the VLC system is a chosen technique due to high bandwidth and immunity to interference from electromagnetic sources. In this project, Optisystem Software version 15 has been chosen to study the perfomances of the VLC system in directed LOS. The performance results will be displayed on BER analyser and the simulation that has been done is iterating continuously in order to get the acceptable results. The result indicates that the reading of simulation of 1 user for both bit rate 155Mbps and 622Mbps shows the best result compared to 4 users. Without using any kind of OCDMA system, the number of users will reach the limitations which is not more than 4 users. The number of users influences the performance of the system and the result shows the decrement of BER reading which is lower than 10-9.
  • Publication
    Enhancing Cardiac Arrhythmia Detection in WBAN Sensors Through Supervised Machine Learning and Data Dimensionality Reduction Techniques
    ( 2023-12-01)
    Hussein S.S.
    ;
    ; ;
    Salih M.H.
    ;
    Abuali M.S.
    ;
    Khaleel A.M.
    In recent years, the global medical community has endeavored to provide swift and efficient patient care by leveraging real-time patient databases. However, the efficacy of these systems, particularly wireless body area network (WBAN) sensors, has been undermined by inaccurate and low-performance readings, leading to unnecessary alarm triggers. This study scrutinizes the potential of data dimensionality reduction techniques and machine learning algorithms in augmenting the detection accuracy of cardiac abnormalities in WBAN sensors. Dimensionality reduction was performed using principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), and spatial correlation methods. For arrhythmia prediction, Decision Tree and Multilayer Perceptron algorithms were implemented and their performance compared. Numerical simulations and Python code analysis revealed that the application of data reduction techniques significantly improved the reliability and effectiveness of WBAN sensors in handling voluminous datasets. Furthermore, the use of PCA, ICA, and spatial correlation strategies notably reduced WBAN sensor battery energy consumption, data storage needs, computational complexity, and processing time. These pragmatic solutions could potentially empower healthcare practitioners to intervene proactively before patients encounter life-threatening conditions. The results also demonstrated that feature selection effectively eliminated irrelevant attributes from noisy Electrocardiograms (ECGs), thereby enhancing the precision of the analyses.
  • Publication
    Hybrid WDM and Optical-CDMA over Multi-Mode Fiber Transmission System based on Optical Vortex
    ( 2021-03-01)
    Ghazi A.
    ;
    ; ; ; ;
    Ali N.
    ;
    A.dawoodi
    ;
    Fakhrudeen A.M.
    ;
    Fareed A.
    ;
    Sharma T.
    The optical vortex has recently attracted scholars to implement it in optical tweezers, microscopy, optical communications, quantum information processing, optical trapping, and laser machining. Optical vortex beam applied classically that can be transferred to the transverse amplitude of a heralded single-photon, and optical vortex possesses a helical wavefront and carries orbital angular momentum. In this study, Optical vortex is applied in optical-CDMA (optical code-division multiple-access) in conjunction with WDM (wavelength division multiplexing). This mechanism aims to increase the capacity and security in optical communication significantly. The implementation of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes with optical vortex based on one dimension zero cross-correlation (ZCC) code shows that mode coupling reduces effectively. Consequently, a positive increase in channel performance and response. Accordingly, the LG modes based on the 1D-ZCC code are investigated and propagated over multi-mode fiber (MMF) based on an optical vortex, which also substantially reduces channel effects. Consequently, all these attributes combined will result in a hybrid WDM-Optical-CDMA with an optical vortex system over MMF.
  • Publication
    Comparison of MD & ZCC one dimension code for optical-cdma over multi-mode fiber based on laguerre-gaussian modes
    ( 2021-08-01)
    Ghazi A.
    ;
    ; ;
    Fareed A.
    ;
    Hamood L.
    ;
    ;
    Ali N.
    ;
    ;
    Fakhrudeen A.M.
    ;
    Al-Dawoodi A.
    ;
    Matem R.
    ;
    Abdullah S.S.
    This paper compares multi diagonal (MD) and zero cross-correlation (ZCC) onedimension codes for optical code division multiple access (Optical-CDMA). In our system, Laguerre-Gaussian modes over a multi-mode fiber (MMF) transmission system based on two different codes have been proposed. Computer simulation software (Opti-system) is used to design the system in a short-haul local-area network (LAN) to evaluate high-capacity optical data links. In the design, the data is transmitted via Spatial vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (on Spatial VCSEL) with a 1550 nm wavelength. The adopted Laguerre- Gaussian modes are (LG 0 3, LG 02 and LG 01). Over different distances, we evaluate our system by conducting several simulation experiments to measure the parameters: Bit error rates, Q-Factor and eye diagrams.
  • Publication
    Gain Enhancement of CPW Antenna for IoT Applications using FSS with Miniaturize Unit Cell
    ( 2021-07-26) ; ; ;
    Azhari M.S.B.A.
    ;
    Jiunn N.K.
    Wireless connectivity is a critical enabler for many IoT applications. Antennas are often required to be installed inside the device cover, which usually occurs in small sizes with optimal performance. On the other hand, a suitable antenna should also have high efficiency, gain and adequate bandwidth covering the desired frequency range. Here, we proposed new type of Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) with miniaturized resonator element to enhance the gain of an CPW antenna. Furthermore, the miniaturization of the Frequency Selective Surface unit cell is attained by coupling the two meandered wire resonators. The wire resonator is separated by thin and single substrate layer. The structure of the FSS is shown to have a FSS unit cell dimension that is miniaturized to 0.057λ. The CPW antenna size is only 28.8mm × 46.5mm operating at 2.45 GHz frequency. With the additional of the FSS, the antenna's gain reaches up from 1.8 dBi to 2.6 dBi with omnidirectional radiation pattern.