Ahmad Faizal Salleh
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Ahmad Faizal Salleh
Official Name
Ahmad Faizal, Salleh
Alternative Name
Ahmad Faizal, S.
Salleh, A.
Salleh, Ahmad Faizal
Faizal, S. Ahmad
Mohd Salleh, A. F.
Salleh, A. F.
Salleh, Ahmad Faizal Bin
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  • Publication
    Accelerometer-based physical fatigue assessment in 400 meter running event
    ( 2021-05-03)
    Atiya S.O.
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Norasmadi Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Saidatul A.
    ;
    Nurhidayah Omar
    ;
    Hamzah S.
    Monitoring physical fatigue and capacity is important in high-performance environments to optimize the training stimulus and minimize unplanned physical fatigue. For that purpose, accelerometer sensors have emerged as a tool with the potential to measure and reflect changes in runner's acceleration. An accelerometer was used to measure the acceleration patterns which provided an analogue signal that could analyzed further by using different feature extractions. This research was aimed to estimate the location of physical fatigue occurrence in 400 m running. Basically, the experiments were conducted in outdoor track field, 6 subjects were involved, with age ranging between 19-24 years. In this study, two features have been used which are root mean square (RMS) and player load (PL) to indicate fatigue. The obtained results have shown that there were declines in the player load values in the last 150 m of running for most of the subjects which indicate occurrence of physical fatigue. On the other hand, some subjects have tried to save their energy in the 2nd and 3rd 100 m to speed up again in the last 100 m but there were obvious decrements in their player load in 400 m compared to the 1 100 m of running.
  • Publication
    The Influence of Saracen Archery Grasping Techniques and Forearm Muscles Activation on Shooting Performance in Traditional Archery: A Pilot Study
    ( 2021-11-25)
    Kamarudin N.F.
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Kasim M.F.
    ;
    Nurhidayah Omar
    ;
    Maz Jamilah Masnan
    ;
    Lim C.C.
    The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of four grasping techniques recommended by Saracen Archery and associated forearm muscles activation on traditional archer’s shooting performance. Each archer has shot 6 arrows in each grasping technique to the target, EMG activities of muscle Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (MFDS) and muscle Extensor Digitorum (MED) were collected in bow arm during aiming phase. The shooting performance was indicated by the distance from arrow hitting point on the target to the bull’s eye. The results revealed that each subject has specific grasping technique to obtain the best shooting performance. The grasping technique that generated the best performance is not as recommended by Saracen Archery. All subjects indicated that the best shooting performance was obtained when MED activated more than MFDS.
  • Publication
    The impact of tourism performance on sports industry in Thailand and Indonesia
    ( 2021-07-21)
    Mohammad Harith Amlus
    ;
    Rashid I.M.A.
    ;
    Samah I.H.A.
    ;
    Nazmizan Muhammad
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Ahmad Zaidi Abdullah
    The COVID-19 epidemic has thrown Indonesia's sports calendar into confusion, with many high-profile sporting events rescheduled or postponed for the foreseeable future. Tourism is one of the greatest vital sectors pouring the Thai economy, which can constantly generate great income for Thailand and Indonesia. The number of international tourist arrivals to Thailand in 2018 reached 38.12 million people and Indonesia sport tourism received 250,000 foreign tourists in 2018. Based on an all-encompassing approach, this research has exposed that integrating various strategies for tourism expansion with sound government policies and proactive management practices have led to significant positive outcomes towards mutual success of tourism sectors of Thailand. Additionally, the paper delivers considered policy to drive long-lasting enhancements in tourism sector, exchange rate and service sectors through efficient management and intelligent utilization of resources in tourism sector. The recent shocks in provide and demand within the world aren't because of sudden economic reasons. Indeed, associated with Covid-19 that causes speedily spreading world health issues and life threats round the world coping with the social issues created by Covid-19 pandemic, they ought to not neglect the economic changes created by this pandemic. The government-ordered lockdowns have discontinuous life for billions and within the same time creates economic collapse situation. The foremost vital of those economic changes in developing countries with high fragility is exchange rates caused by sports and tourism industry, as a result of exchange rates will directly have an effect on several economics variables, from inflation to foreign trade, from the balance of payments to interests. Therefore, this analysis calculates the result of COVID-19 to sports and tourism business for affected countries within the worldwide. Thus, this study evaluated the impact tourism performance to detect the economic changes in sports industry.
  • Publication
    Influence of Carrying Unstable Load on Thoracic Kinematics While Walking on a Curved Path
    ( 2021-11-25)
    Ngoc D.K.
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Nurhidayah Omar
    ;
    Basarrudin K.S.
    ;
    Hamzah Sakeran
    ;
    Halim I.
    ;
    Usman J.
    ;
    Lim C.C.
    This study investigated the effect of carrying unstable load on thoracic kinematics while walking on a curved path. Three-dimensional spinal kinematics were defined as the rotations between thoracic and the Virtual laboratory coordinate system (Tho/ Virtual lab) which consisted of lateral bending (LB), flexion/extension (FE) and axial rotation (AR) in the frontal plane, sagittal plane and transverse plane, respectively. Eight healthy young adults (4 males and 4 females) performed loads carrying and walking on one meter radius curved path. Spinal kinematics was determined at the left leg heel strike and just before the right toe off during the curved path walking. As a result, a significant main effect of load intensity was found only on FE of (Tho/Virtual lab) at both left leg heel strike and right leg toe off. The study concluded that an increase in the load intensity of unstable load from 10% of body weight likely to generate more thorax extension.
  • Publication
    Effect of sloped walking on ground and joint reaction forces
    (AIP publishing, 2023)
    Noor Arifah Azwani Abdul Yamin
    ;
    Khairul Salleh Basaruddin
    ;
    N. Z. A. C. Zahar
    ;
    Mohd Hanafi Mat Som
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Zahran Khudzari
    Sloped walking is commonly known to be benefited to health. However, the increase of GRF that contribute to increment to JRF during inclined walking compared to level-ground walking also has been a concern in preventing injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of sloped walking in comparison with level-ground walking to GRF and JRF at hip, knee and ankle joints. Ten healthy male participants (age: 24 ± 1.2 years old with normal body mass index (BMI)) were asked to walk at preferred speed on customized ramp at the slopes of -5°, 0° and 5°. Kinematic data were captured with five-camera motion capture system (Qualysis Track Motion). Kinetic data were measured with two force plate (Bertex) which embedded into the ramp. A musculoskeletal model (Visual 3D C-motion) was used to assess joint reaction force (JRF) of lower limb. Result show that peak value of mean GRF as well as maximum JRF at all joints of lower limb were higher during sloped walking compared to level-ground walking. In addition, the maximum JRF at hip is the highest, followed by knee and ankle for all walking conditions. GRF had a significant influence to the JRF at lower limb during inclined and declined walking where sloped walking have a higher force at all joints of lower limb than level- ground walking. Therefore, a suitable walking strategy in adapting the forces demand is required in preventing any slope slippage and/or vertical body instability that might lead to musculoskeletal injury.
  • Publication
    Clinical validation of 3D mesh reconstruction system for spine curvature angle measurement
    ( 2023-02-21)
    Shanyu C.
    ;
    Lim Chee Chin
    ;
    Fook C.Y.
    ;
    Azizan A.F.
    ;
    Vikneswaran Vijean
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Shafriza Nisha Basah
    Spine curvature disorders are scoliosis, lordosis, and kyphosis. These disorders are mainly caused by the bad habits of the person during sitting, standing, and lying. There are about 3 to 5 out of 1,000 people who are affected by spine curvature disorder. The current conventional method used for diagnose this disorder, such as radiography, goniometry and palpation. However, these conventional methods require human skills and can be time-consuming, resulting to exhaustion of logistic. Therefore, there is a need to solve this problem by creating a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to analyse the human body posture through the 3D reconstructed model of the person. Hence, 3D map meshing reconstruction of the human body method is proposed. This project divided into three parts, which are the development of the GUI for human posture analysis, clinical validation and posture analysis of the 3D model. The 3D model reconstructed from 3D mapping parameters shows 100% accuracy of the assessed point. The lowest difference of angle for the comparison between clinical method (goniometer) and the GUI for male is (A.Pe) 0.930±0.870 and 1.240±0.860 for female (P.Pe). This finding of 3D model assessment system can be helpful for medical doctor to diagnose patient who have spine problem.
      1  31
  • Publication
    Effect of muscle on cortical bone layer by finite element modeling
    ( 2021-05-03)
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Jaapar N.F.N.
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    Muscle is one of the important parts of the body as it made up from a bundle of fibrous tissue. The effects of fracture mechanisms of the bone are been studied related with the existing of muscle layer. In order to establish cortical bone with muscle layer, the structure of the base must be relevant and efficient. Therefore, finite element modeling method is an alternative way to study the effect of human fracture mechanisms with and without muscle layer. The aim of this study is to develop two dimensional (2D) model of human cortical bone and muscle layer in linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) and elastic plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM) by using ANSYS APDL applied on three-point bending test. Other than that, Stress Intensity Factor (K) and Strain Energy Release Rate (J-Integral) were analyzed on both 2D models which are cortical bone layer and cortical bone with muscle layer. Two methods were used to evaluate the values of K which are Displacement Extrapolation Method (DEM) and Constrained Integration (CINT) method. The experimental values then been compared with two theoretical expressions for validation purposes. By referring to the values of error for K and J-Integral values in both methods, it is proved that by using CINT method, the model produced smaller error and higher efficiency. By comparing the two models, cortical bone with muscle layer resulted lower K and J-Integral values. It can be concluded that layer of muscle on the cortical bone gives an impact on the crack tip that allow the growth of the crack.
      30  1
  • Publication
    Effect of Strength and Conditioning Trainings on Lower Limb Muscles Activity of High-Jumping Athletes
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Hamiza Mohamad Radzi
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Norasmadi Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Nurhidayah Omar
    ;
    Hamzah Sakeran
    ;
    Nair S.K.
    In recent years, there has been a proliferation of technology and sport science utilized within an athlete’s physical activity and exercise. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of two strength and conditioning exercises, namely, a customized free-weight exercise and plate-loaded machine exercise, on the lower limb muscle activities of the amateur high jumpers. Six amateur high jumpers were divided into two groups, a customized free-weight group and plate-loaded machine group (control group) and performed exercises as instructed by the coach. The EMG signal of the Rectus Femoris and Bicep Femoris muscles were recorded during the exercises. Metronome was used to control the speed of the exercise and it was standardized for all subjects. The harmstring’s cable pull exercise (customized free-weight) triggered Bicep Femoris more compared to the leg curl exercise (plate-loaded exercise). Similarly, in the case of Rectus Femoris muscle, the front squat exercise (customized free-weight exercise) triggered higher muscular activities compared to the leg extension exercise (plate-loaded exercise). In conclusion, the customized free-weight exercise has indicated higher muscle activities compared to the plate-loaded exercise.
      1
  • Publication
    Finite element modelling of Plantar Fascia response during running on different surface types
    (IOP Publishing, 2017-10-29)
    Razak A.H.A.
    ;
    Khairul Salleh Basaruddin
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Rusli W.M.R.
    ;
    Mohd Sani Mohamad Hashim
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    Plantar fascia is a ligament found in human foot structure located beneath the skin of human foot that functioning to stabilize longitudinal arch of human foot during standing and normal gait. To perform direct experiment on plantar fascia seems very difficult since the structure located underneath the soft tissue. The aim of this study is to develop a finite element (FE) model of foot with plantar fascia and investigate the effect of the surface hardness on biomechanical response of plantar fascia during running. The plantar fascia model was developed using Solidworks 2015 according to the bone structure of foot model that was obtained from Turbosquid database. Boundary conditions were set out based on the data obtained from experiment of ground reaction force response during running on different surface hardness. The finite element analysis was performed using Ansys 14. The results found that the peak of stress and strain distribution were occur on the insertion of plantar fascia to bone especially on calcaneal area. Plantar fascia became stiffer with increment of Young's modulus value and was able to resist more loads. Strain of plantar fascia was decreased when Young's modulus increased with the same amount of loading.
      4  10
  • Publication
    Statistical analysis in clinical gait analysis using Kinovea between normal and simulated abnormal gaits
    (AIP Publishing, 2023)
    Suhana Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Hamzah Sakeran
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Mohamad Azlan Mohamed Shapie
    ;
    Wan Zuki Azman Wan Muhamad
    ;
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    Kinematic analysis of human gait is an effective strategy to detect and assess an individual's gait to diagnose and develop and guide follow-on rehabilitation protocols. So, an accurate, objective gait analysis system has potential to facilitate rehabilitation process. System using smartphone-Kinovea represent an emerging technology for physical activity assessment and that may be relevant for gait analysis. The objective of this study was to determine gait displacement, speed and joint angle by using smartphone-Kinovea software system - to compare the normal gait with four distinct simulated gait abnormalities. Also, to assess validity of the proposed system by compared with QTM as gold standard. 30 participants completed an experiment in which they completed several gait trails on single day. Gait types were analyzed using statistical analysis (two-way MANOVA). As for validation assessment was analyzed using paired t-test by comparing proposed system with QTM. Results shows that joint angles for abnormal gaits are higher mean (Standard Deviation) compared to normal gait during HS and TO. While, normal gait exhibits higher mean (Standard Deviation) for d and s during both IDS and TDS phases compared to other four abnormal gaits in both genders. Also, there are significant different (p<0.05) of gait for all gait comparisons for all parameters, except hip angle of normal-HP with p=0.495. Moreover, there is some gait was similar with other gait due to they shared underlying kinematic aspects such as BA and DP. The validation of the system gives moderate result. These support that the smartphone-Kinovea system have potential in detecting and identifying abnormal gaits, and for future implementation in diagnosis and rehabilitation.
      3  15