Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
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Preferred name
Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
Official Name
Ragunathan, Al Santiagoo
Alternative Name
Ragunathan, Santiagoo
Ragunathan, S.
Santiagoo, R.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
36619090500
Researcher ID
AGS-2453-2022

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Prototype Design for Rubik’s Cube Solver

2021-01-01 , Allan Melvin Andrew , Faridah Wahab , Tan Wei Hong , Ragunathan Al Santiagoo , Amirah A.S.N. , Nik Zainab Nik Azizan , Lee F.S.

Rubik’s cube is a modern day plastic material puzzle, where the one need to twist and turn to solve the multicolour squares. At the end, the puzzle need to be solved to make all the same colour cubes on the same surfaces. High intelligence is needed to solve it at a shorter time. Therefore, this research is to create a robot solver to solve the Rubik’s cube in short time smartly. Initially, the algorithm will scan the six surfaces of unsolved cube through a webcam and register the colours in the memory. Once it is completed, the solving algorithm will analyse and instruct the servo motors to twist and turn based on the computed solution. It is then pass it to the solving algorithm to identify the solving process and send the moving instruction to the motors by Raspberry Pi. The robot body was constructed using laser cutter. It is to make sure that the measurements are accurate and correct. To solve the cube, four servo motors with high efficiency were used to twist the cube in certain legit with the rules of the game. Another four servo motors are connected to the rack and pinion gears by clamping to hold the Rubik’s cube from falling when it is twisted. An improvised “Kociemba Algorithm”, also called as “The Two-Phase-Algorithm” is used. It reduced the required moves to solve the cube into a maximum of 25 moves and a minimum of 19. Conclusively, the final prototype discussed in this paper is tested with the solving algorithm. The results are presented.

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Phyton-Based Smart Algorithm for 3 × 3 Rubik’s Cube Solver

2021-01-01 , Allan Melvin Andrew , Nik Zainab Nik Azizan , Amirah A.S.N. , Ragunathan Al Santiagoo , Tan Wei Hong , Faridah Wahab , Rezal S.

Rubik’s cubes are exciting to be play with, but solving it can be a bit tricky, especially when we are not having the insight of how to solve it. There are many ways to solve it. This research is about creating a Phyton based- program to solve a physical Rubik’s cube. This research uses webcam as sensor, and Raspberry Pi microcontroller to generate solution from images to twist Rubik’s cube using servo actuators. To make it easy to be used, the program is equipped with Graphical User Interface (GUI) and Internet of Things (IoT). Hence, the program run in a smartphone, web- based systems through internet to give information about the performance of the project. The research is intended to create a Rubik’s cube solver which can be used for education purpose and to help people solving Rubik’s cube autonomously using Internet-of-things. The initial prototype is limited to solve 3 × 3 standard Rubik’s cube with dimension 5.7 × 5.7 × 5.7 cm. This project uses Python language to create improvised Kociemba program and GUI. The developed coding is tested on the 3D printed Rubik’s Cube Solver. Based on the test conducted with implementation in the prototype, the robot manage to solve the Rubik’s cube with an average of 21 moves.

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Mathematical Modelling Development of Sound Transmission Loss for Laminated Glass Using Response Surface Methodology

2021-01-01 , Tan Wei Hong , Faridah Wahab , Allan Melvin Andrew , Nik Zainab Nik Azizan , Ragunathan Al Santiagoo , Amirah A.S.N. , Lim E.A.

The purpose of this study is to identify parameters that affect the rate of sound transmission loss. Mathematical model of sound transmission loss (STL) is developed for laminated glass and maximize the STL of laminated glass by using response surface methodology (RSM). The main objective of this study is to determine the type of material and number of interlayers for laminated glass on the STL performance. The two-load transfer function method (TFM) coupled with LMS Test Lab Acoustic software to determine the STL. The analysis was made by observing the performance of STL with respect to different materials used, such as glass and Perspex. Besides that, number of interlayers for laminated glass also had been studied for the performance of STL. Next, the RSM will be applied to develop mathematical modelling of STL for laminated glass. Optimization on the variable of laminated glass also has been conducted to obtain optimum variable of laminated glass in order to deliver optimum STL performance.

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Development a Cost-Effective Impedance Tube for Sound Transmission Loss Measurement

2021-01-01 , Tan Wei Hong , Amirah A.S.N. , Ragunathan Al Santiagoo , Nik Zainab Nik Azizan , Allan Melvin Andrew , Faridah Wahab

An impedance tube is an equipment used for normal incidence sound absorption and transmission loss measurement. Unfortunately, this equipment is considered equally expensive. Therefore, this study presents an effort to develop a cost-effective impedance tube for sound transmission loss (STL) measurement. The development of impedance tube consists of speaker, speaker box, acrylic tube, mechanical coupling, BSWA microphone and, Data Acquisition Unit (DAQ). The design and development of impedance tube along with set up and procedure according to ASTM E2611. In this study, the developed impedance tube is used to measure and analyse the STL for different types of sample material, such as foam, Perspex, and other building element materials. Next, data obtained from the developed impedance tube was compared with a standard commercial tube made by Brüel& Kjær for the validation. According to the data comparison, it turns out that both results are encouraging and in similar trend. In conclusion, a goal to develop an impedance tube for STL measurement was achieved but few methods need to be adjusted in future for a better outcome.

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Analysis of Vibration for Grass Trimmer

2021-01-01 , Tan Wei Hong , Amirah A.S.N. , Ragunathan Al Santiagoo , Nik Zainab Nik Azizan , Allan Melvin Andrew , Faridah Wahab

Grass trimmer is identified as a type of machine which contributes high vibration level and can cause hand-arm vibration. Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) can cause musculoskeletal disorder, neurology and complex vascular. The risk of developing HAVS is depending on the magnitude of vibration transmitted to the tool handle, the duration of vibration exposure and the user sensitivity to HAVS. In this study, a prototype handle is designed to reduce the vibration level. Three rubber mounts were used as isolator in the experiment. There are three isolators was selected to measure the different acceleration between the specimen. In addition, the transmissibility of engine was selected to compare between the original and three different isolators but on transmissibility of handle was compared between three rubber mounts. Every isolator has different value of stiffness and damping. When stiffness and damping are decrease in value; the vibration level was decreases. However, decrement of stiffness and damping, the value of transmissibility were decreases. In addition, the dynamic behavior as natural frequency and mode shapes of free analysis was determined between the original handle and the prototype handle. According to the analysis, the local and global vibration were found in the vibration mode of the grass trimmer.

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