Theses & Dissertations

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14170/194

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Browsing Theses & Dissertations by Subject "African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)"
  • Publication
    Characterization of different types of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) for African catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) diet suitability
    ( 2016)
    Nur Aziera Abd Rasib
    Spent Mushroom substrate (SMS) is one of agricultural wastes produced by thever expending mushroom industries in Malaysia. Chemically, it is rich in organic matter which potentially can be utilized for aquaculture. Utilization of SMS as fish feed has never been conducted before as very limited information on SMS biochemical composition is available. Regarding to this matter, new formulation of fish feed was developed by incorporating SMS and other ingredients namely soybean waste, fish meal, topioca flour and rice bran. Commanly, different types of SMS that being cultivated at six to seven cycles were collected which identified as white oyster (Pleuratos ostreatus), grey oyster (Pleuratos sajor-caju), abalone (Pleuratos cystidiosus), ganoderma (Ganoderma lucidium) and black jelly (Auricularia polytricha). Those SMS were tested on their biochemical composition which involving the analysis of crude protein, carbohydrate, fat, lignin and ash. Overall trend showed an increment in crude protein and fat content, whereas carbohydrate and lignin showed a reduction in the content. Ganoderma attained the highest protein value, 36.6 g, followed by black jelly, white oyster, grey oyster and abalone. Contradictory, lowest carbohydrate reduction was observed in ganoderma at 70.42 g and the most was in black jelly. Increment in fat and reduction in lignin showed almost similar value for each SMS. The highest (ganoderma), medium (white oyster) and lowest (abalone) protein content were the basis of SMS types selection to be incorporated in pellet formulation using Pearson square method which emphasized on the protein and energy. The ingredients were mixed and a pelletalization was carried out after 40 minutes of steaming process at 80° C. A series of physical properties test of SMS pellets were conducted to confirm the applicability of the formulated pellet for fish consumption by comparing with commercial fish feed.
  • Publication
    Formulation of fish feeds with high level of protein-bound methionine and lysine for African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerling's growth
    ( 2017)
    Siti Nurhafa Imra Naqtahnain Hamid
    The high production of catfish will create demands on the fish feeds. The availability of local feedstuff ingredients in abundant can fulfill the needs of protein source in fish feeds. This research reports the new formulation of fish feeds with high level of proteinbound methionine and lysine and the effects on the growth rate, survival rate, feed utilization and digestibility of methionine and lysine on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings. Fish feeds were formulated by using potential feedstuff ingredients; earthworm powder, fish meal, soybean wastes, Leucaena leucocephala leaves, and rice bran. Each of the feedstuff ingredients was evaluated for their proximate composition including amino acid profile, crude protein, crude lipid, carbohydrate, moisture and ash content. The fish feed was formulated by using Design Expert software. Each of the formulated fish feeds was analyzed for their limiting amino acids (methionine and lysine). The commercial fish feeds act as a control diet. Fish feed with combination of 25.0 g earthworm powder, 20.0 g fish meal, 25.0 g soybean wastes, 10.0 g Leucaena leucocephala leaves and 14.0 g of rice bran, give the highest proteinbound methionine and lysine level (2.06 and 8.11% of amino acids in dietary protein respectively) among all diets and named as LyMet A. Feeding trial was conducted for 12 weeks to determine the utilization of selected formulated fish feeds towards African catfish fingerlings. The fingerlings, with a mean initial weight of 3.10±0.10 g were fed twice a day at 5.00% of their body weight. The fingerlings fed with LyMet A showed the highest weight gain (1.68×103±13.6%), specific growth rate (3.20±0.01% per day) and methionine and lysine digestibility (92.3±0.11% and 98.4±0.01%, respectively). The results indicate that LyMet A has an adequate amount of limiting amino acids (methionine and lysine) to fulfill African catfish fingerling diets without supplementation of synthetic amino acids.