Investigating the effectiveness of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) with Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm in solar power battery charging system

Solar energy has emerged as one of the most promising and crucial renewable energy sources in our efforts to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate their adverse impact on the environment. One of the primary applications of solar energy is in the solar power battery charging system. This system harnesses solar energy emitted by the sun through solar panels to charge batteries used as energy storage. At the heart of the solar power battery charging system lies the technology of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). MPPT is a method used to achieve maximum efficiency from solar panels by adjusting their voltage and current to ensure they constantly operate at their maximum power point, irrespective of varying light conditions. In this article, the solar power battery charging system with the use of the MPPT method employing the Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm will be explored. The proposed of modeling the solar battery charging system with the implementation of a DC-DC buck converter and lead-acid battery incorporated with P&O algorithm will be elaborated through MATLAB/Simulink simulation software. Additionally, the performance analysis of the system will be investigated by considering the state of charge (SOC), power (W), current (A), and voltage (V) variables. The simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed P&O algorithm in maintaining the panel’s operating maximum power in multi-stage charging system.