Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Publication
    Low loss waveguide-based Butler matrix with iris coupling control method for millimeterwave applications
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Almeshehe M.W.
    ;
    Murad N.A.
    ;
    Rahim M.K.A.
    ;
    Ayop O.
    ;
    Zubir F.
    ;
    Aziz M.Z.A.A.
    ;
    ;
    Majid H.A.
    This paper proposes a low loss 4 × 4 Butler matrix based on rectangular waveguide cavity resonators technology for millimeterwave beamforming network using iris coupling method. This method has the advantage of controlling the electrical fields and the coupling factor inside a complex medium such as waveguide cavity resonators. The coupling factor of 6 dB for 4 × 4 Butler matrix is achieved by tuning the iris coupling k-value between the waveguide cavity resonators. Thus, avoiding a higher phase difference losses and component losses at upper millimeterwave bands. To validate the proposed method, CST software simulations are performed under several iris coupling k-values to achieve a 6 dB coupling factor. Then, the proposed 4 × 4 Butler matrix is 3D metal printed using selective laser melting (SLM) technique. The measured reflection and isolation coefficients are observed below −10 dB, with coupling coefficients ranging between −6 and −7 dB. The phase differences of −42.02°, 42.02°, −130.95°, and 133.3° are achieved at the outputs. It confirmed that using this proposed method has the superiority over the conventional microstrip and waveguide coupling methods by a 1 dB coupling factor loss and a 3° phase difference error.
  • Publication
    Smart IoT Flood Monitoring System
    ( 2019-12-16)
    Binti Zahir S.
    ;
    Ehkan P.
    ;
    ; ; ; ;
    Abdul Wahab Y.
    ;
    Hambali N.A.M.
    ;
    Ali N.
    ;
    Bakhit A.S.
    ;
    Husin F.
    ;
    ;
    Jamaludin R.
    Flood is one of the natural disasters that cannot be avoided. It happens too fast and affected so many lives and properties. Before this, most of the existing system that has been developed are only focus on certain areas. Other than that, majority of the public cannot monitor and have no idea when the flood going to be happened since they do not have any information and data about the weather condition. By having Smart IoT Flood Monitoring System, this will solve all the drawbacks of the existing system. The proposed system is suitable for cities and village areas. Furthermore, if the public has an internet access, they can monitor what is happening and predict if there is any upcoming flood at the web server. The proposed system is a low cost in design and easy for maintenance. This project will update the water level at the web server and the system will issue an alert signal to the citizens for evacuation so that fast necessary actions can be taken.
  • Publication
    Electrically tunable left-handed textile metamaterial for microwave applications
    ( 2021-03-01)
    Kabir Hossain
    ;
    ; ;
    Soh Ping Jack
    ;
    Jamaluddin M.H.
    ;
    Al-Bawri S.S.
    ;
    ; ; ; ;
    Saluja N.
    An electrically tunable, textile-based metamaterial (MTM) is presented in this work. The proposed MTM unit cell consists of a decagonal-shaped split-ring resonator and a slotted ground plane integrated with RF varactor diodes. The characteristics of the proposed MTM were first studied independently using a single unit cell, prior to different array combinations consisting of 1 × 2, 2 × 1, and 2 × 2 unit cells. Experimental validation was conducted for the fabricated 2 × 2 unit cell array format. The proposed tunable MTM array exhibits tunable left-handed characteristics for both simulation and measurement from 2.71 to 5.51 GHz and provides a tunable transmission coefficient of the MTM. Besides the left-handed properties within the frequency of interest (from 1 to 15 GHz), the proposed MTM also exhibits negative permittivity and permeability from 8.54 to 10.82 GHz and from 10.6 to 13.78 GHz, respectively. The proposed tunable MTM could operate in a dynamic mode using a feedback system for different microwave wearable applications.
      1