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Preparation of fly Ash-Ladle furnace slag blended geopolymer foam via Pre-Foaming method with polyoxyethylene alkyether sulphate incorporation

2022 , Ng Hui-Teng , Heah Cheng Yong , Liew Yun Ming , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Catleya Rojviriya , Hasniyati Md Razi , Sebastian Garus , Marcin Nabiałek , Wojciech Sochacki , Ilham Mukriz Zainal Abidin , Ng Yong-Sing , Andrei Victor Sandu , Agata Śliwa

This paper uses polyoxyethylene alkyether sulphate (PAS) to form foam via pre-foaming method, which is then incorporated into geopolymer based on fly ash and ladle furnace slag. In the literature, only PAS-geopolymer foams made with single precursor were studied. Therefore, the performance of fly ash-slag blended geopolymer with and without PAS foam was investigated at 29–1000 °C. Unfoamed geopolymer (G-0) was prepared by a combination of sodium alkali, fly ash and slag. The PAS foam-to-paste ratio was set at 1.0 and 2.0 to prepare geopolymer foam (G-1 and G-2). Foamed geopolymer showed decreased compressive strength (25.1–32.0 MPa for G-1 and 21.5–36.2 MPa for G-2) compared to G-0 (36.9–43.1 MPa) at 29–1000 °C. Nevertheless, when compared to unheated samples, heated G-0 lost compressive strength by 8.7% up to 1000 °C, while the foamed geopolymer gained compressive strength by 68.5% up to 1000 °C. The thermal stability of foamed geopolymer was greatly improved due to the increased porosity, lower thermal conductivity, and incompact microstructure, which helped to reduce pressure during moisture evaporation and resulted in lessened deterioration.

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Effect of sodium aluminate on the fresh and hardened properties of fly ash-based one-part geopolymer

2021 , Ooi Wan-En , Liew Yun Ming , Heah Cheng Yong , Ho Li Ngee , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Ong Shee-Ween , Andrei Victor Sandu

The one-part geopolymer binder was synthesis from the mixing of aluminosilicate material with solid alkali activators. The properties of one-part geopolymers vary according to the type and amount of solid alkali activators used. This paper presents the effect of various sodium metasilicate-to-sodium aluminate (NaAlO2/Na2SiO3) ratios on fly ash-based one-part geopolymer. The NaAlO2/Na2SiO3 ratios were set at 1.0 to 3.0. Setting time of fresh one-part geopolymer was examined through Vicat needle apparatus. Mechanical and microstructural properties of developed specimens were analysed after 28 days of curing in ambient condition. The study concluded that an increase in NaAlO2 content delayed the setting time of one-part geopolymer paste. The highest compressive strength was achieved at the NaAlO2/Na2SiO3 ratio of 2.5, which was 33.65 MPa. The microstructural analysis revealed a homogeneous structure at the optimum ratio. While the sodium aluminium silicate hydrate (N-A-S-H) and anorthite phases were detected from the XRD analysis.

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Silica bonding reaction on fly ash based geopolymer repair material system with incorporation of various concrete substrates

2022 , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Ikmal Hakem A. Aziz , Warid Wazien Ahmad Zailani , Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim , Heah Cheng Yong , Andrei Victor Sandu , Loke Siu Peng

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the mechanical properties and microstructure of geopolymer repair materials mixed using fly ash (FA) and concrete substrates. An optimal combination of FA and concrete substrate was determined using the compressive test of geopolymer mortar mixed with various concrete substrate classes. It was found that the contribution of (C35/45) concrete substrates with the FA geopolymer mortar increases the 28-day bonding strength by 25.74 MPa. The microstructure analysis of the samples using scanning electron microscopy showed the denser structure owing to the availability of high calcium and iron elements distribution. These metal cations (Ca2+ and Fe3+) are available at OPC concrete substrate as a result from the hydration process reacted with alumina-silica sources of FA and formed calcium aluminate silicate hydrate (C-A-S-H) gels and Fe-bonding linkages