Farah Naemah Mohd Saad
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Preferred name
Farah Naemah Mohd Saad
Official Name
Farah Naemah, Mohd Saad
Alternative Name
Saad, Farah Naemah Mohd
Mohd Saad, F. N.
Saad, Farah N.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
57189062082
Researcher ID
GGD-5412-2022

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Malaysian and Libyan Perspectives on Single-Use Plastic's Environmental Impact During the Pandemic COVID-19: A Pilot Study

2023-01-01 , Zreba K.Y.A. , Tengku Nuraiti Tengku Izhar , Farah Naemah Mohd Saad , Irnis Azura Zakaria , Hwidi R.S.A.

Plastics have become a significant threat to natural ecosystems as well as human health. The use and consumption of plastics improves our quality of life significantly, but it is critical to transition to more sustainable alternatives. Thus, the current study proposes an investigation into the impact of single use plastic products during pandemic on the impact to the environment from the Malaysian and Libyan perspective. A pilot study was conducted to examine the strength of the questionnaire in collecting on the environmental impacts of single use plastic during COVID-19 pandemic distributed across two countries (Libya and Malaysia). SPSS was used to test the questionnaires' strength with 40 participants, 20 in each nation. The reliability test results with Cronbach’s Alpha predicted values of 0.7-0.86 and actual data Alpha values 0.87-0.93, normal test of variance inflation factor ranging between 1 and 5, skewness and kurtosis values of -1.343 to -0.076 and 5.312 to -0.024 respectively confirmed the strength of the questionnaires as benchmarked in the literature. Further, the participants' responses to the quality of the questionnaire in determining the single use plastic impact to environmental have clearly revealed the strength and applicability of this questionnaire for wider data collections.

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Adsorption of hydrogen sulfide (H2s) from municipal solid waste by using biochars

2022-12-15 , Tengku Nuraiti Tengku Izhar , Kee G.Z. , Farah Naemah Mohd Saad , Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim , Irnis Azura Zakaria , Che Besom , Ibad M. , Syafiuddin A.

The emission of hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) from municipal solid waste is one of the environmental issues that raised the public’s attention and awareness. Exposure to H2 S that brings a foul smell of rotten eggs will cause headaches, irritation, dizziness, fatigue, and even death if the concentration of H2 S is too high. The study’s goals are to investigate the properties of biochars made from rice hulls, banana peels, and sawdust; to compare the biochars’ physical and chemical properties; and establish the H2 S removal efficiency of the three biochars. Biochars derived from rice hull (RHB-500), banana peel (BPB-550), and sawdust (SDB-500) by pyrolysis were used as the adsorbents. The biochar yield, pH, ash content, surface functional group, and morphology of the biochars produced were investigated. In this study, H2 S was synthesized by mixing food waste and soil in the experimental column. The H2S produced was reduced by the adsorption method. The removal efficiencies of H2 S for each biochar were determined by allowing the synthetic H2 S to flow through the two columns that were packed with sand (act as control) and biochars, respectively. All biochars were alkaline, and BPB-550 had the highest pH, followed by SDB-500 and finally RHB-500. The order for removal efficiency of H2 S (>94%) is BPB-550 > SDB-500 > RHB-500. Overall, the biochars derived from biomass had a strong ability to act as the adsorbents for H2S removal.

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Evaluation of phytoremediation in removing Pb, Cd and Zn from contaminated soil using Ipomoea Aquatica and Spinacia Oleracea

2020-06-10 , Farah Naemah Mohd Saad , Lim F.J. , Tengku Nuraiti Tengku Izhar , Odli Z.S.M.

Phytoremediation is an innovative and profound method to clean heavy metals which have been released by human activities into the environment and where the metals had persisted over many years. Phytoremediation employs plants to remove the heavy metals. The aim of this study is to compare Ipomoea Aquatica and Spinacia Oleracea in effectiveness of phytoreduction capability and translocation capability in responds to lead, cadmium and zinc from synthetic soil within 35 days. The synthetic soil was prepared to contain 66 mg/kg Pb, 30 mg/kg of Cd and 66 mg/kg of Zn. I. Aquatica has shown higher removal percentage of Pb, Cd and Zn than S. Oleracea which are 27.7% of Pb, 29.0% of Cd and 32.8% of Zn. The translocation factor (TF) of root to shoot by I. Aquatica is 1.05 and it is higher than S. Oleracea, which is 0.79. Besides that, I. Aquatic has shown a higher combined bioaccumulation factor (BAC) of 0.78 while S. Oleracea has combined BAC of 0.68. The results show that I. Aquatica is more effective for phytoremediation. Furthermore, kinetic evaluation shows that heavy metals treated with I. Aquatica has shorter half-life compared to S. Oleracea which is 76 days.

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Removal of ammonia from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill using hydrated lime

2020-06-10 , Tengku Nuraiti Tengku Izhar , Chua Jui Shing , Rajeb Salem Hwidi , Farah Naemah Mohd Saad , Irnis Azura Zakarya

Leachate is known as a vigorous wastewater in terms of its organic matter and ammonia content. It is a major problem for municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill. It posed threat to surface water and groundwater. This study focusing on the removal of ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) by coagulation on a raw leachate sample taken from Rimba Mas municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill. The landfill leachate is tested for COD, colour and NH3N. Morphological features of calcium oxide are studied using XRF and SEM. Optimum dosage of coagulant for ammonia nitrogen removal from MSW leachate is investigated. The method used in this research was coagulant-flocculation treatment: jar test apparatus. The coagulant was conducted using hydrated lime, Ca(OH)2 with varying amount of coagulant to find the optimum dosage for ammonia nitrogen removal. A raw leachate sample taken from Rimba Mas landfill was treated with a different amount of hydrated lime (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 g/L) and 0 as a control to investigate the removal of ammonia nitrogen. The results showed that the pH of leachate (9.09) after treated with hydrated lime is increased when the dosage of hydrated lime is increased. Results showed that the best value of removal efficiency from leachate of colour, COD and NH3N were 54.70%, 56.22% and 85.25% respectively. We can conclude that as the optimum dosage increases, removal efficiency is increases.

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Malaysian and Libyan perspectives on single-use plastic's environmental impact during the pandemic COVID-19: a pilot study

2023 , Kamal Yousef Ali Zreba , Tengku Nuraiti Tengku Izhar , Farah Naemah Mohd Saad , Irnis Azura Zakarya , Rajeb Salem A.Hwidi

Plastics have become a significant threat to natural ecosystems as well as human health. The use and consumption of plastics improves our quality of life significantly, but it is critical to transition to more sustainable alternatives. Thus, the current study proposes an investigation into the impact of single use plastic products during pandemic on the impact to the environment from the Malaysian and Libyan perspective. A pilot study was conducted to examine the strength of the questionnaire in collecting on the environmental impacts of single use plastic during COVID-19 pandemic distributed across two countries (Libya and Malaysia). SPSS was used to test the questionnaires' strength with 40 participants, 20 in each nation. The reliability test results with Cronbach’s Alpha predicted values of 0.7-0.86 and actual data Alpha values 0.87-0.93, normal test of variance inflation factor ranging between 1 and 5, skewness and kurtosis values of -1.343 to -0.076 and 5.312 to -0.024 respectively confirmed the strength of the questionnaires as benchmarked in the literature. Further, the participants' responses to the quality of the questionnaire in determining the single use plastic impact to environmental have clearly revealed the strength and applicability of this questionnaire for wider data collections.

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Comparative Study between Organic Liquid Fertilizer and Commercial Liquid Fertilizer and Their Growth Performances on Mustard Greens

2023-01-01 , Muthu H.D. , Tengku Nuraiti Tengku Izhar , Irnis Azura Zakaria , Farah Naemah Mohd Saad , Ngaa M.H.

Organic liquid fertilizers (OLF) are made up of essential plant nutrients, as well as beneficial microbes that assist in the recycling of organic waste. The purpose of this study was to determine the macronutrient content of organic liquid fertilizers and compare the growth performance of mustard greens under Wick System hydroponic conditions. Market wastes also known as vegetable wastes, were utilized to produce organic liquid fertilizers and compare it to commercial fertilizer (Nutrient Solution, NS). The vegetable wastes were fermented with water and Effective Microorganisms (EM) Bokashi separately. The ratios used for fermentation are 2 kilograms of vegetable wastes, 0.5 litres of water and 100 grams of EM Bokashi. A parameter study on the OLF and OLF with Bokashi to determine the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were done. Thereafter, four Wick System (pure water, OLF, OLF with Bokashi and NS) were setup to monitor the growth performance of mustard greens twice a week. The organic liquid fertilizers are produced after 40 days of fermentation and used at a dilution of 1: 10 in the hydroponic system. The OLF and OLF with Bokashi showed the ranges of pH values as 5.1 and 4.6 respectively. The results for the hydroponic system showed that OLF demonstrated the best growth performance. The number and size of leaves and the height of the plants in the NS hydroponic system were almost similar to the plants in OLF hydroponic system. The colour of plants in OLF changed slightly to yellowish green towards the end of the growing season. The life spent of mustard greens in OLF with Bokashi hydroponic system was the least compared to other hydroponic system. This study showed that organic liquid fertilizer is as effective as commercial liquid fertilizer. Considering, it has all the nutrients that plants need to grow.

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Phytoremediation potential of Azolla pinnata on water quality and nutrients from agricultural water

2022-09-01 , Farah Naemah Mohd Saad , Remlee N.N. , Irnis Azura Zakaria , Kamaruddin M.A. , Tengku Nuraiti Tengku Izhar , Ibrahim M.H. , Alam M. , Andini A. , Ratnasari A. , Boopathy R. , Syafiuddin A.

The area of polluted water expands day by day due to the rapid increase in agricultural activities. Application and the excessive amount of fertilizer in the agricultural activity can reduce the water quality. One of the alternative way to remove pollutants from polluted water is phytoremediation technique. This paper attempt to evaluate the potential of Azolla pinnata act as a phytoremediation to treat the agricultural water. Three types of media with different dosage which are tap water, water added with organic fertilizer (chicken manure: dosage range of 10–30 g), and water added with inorganic fertilizer (growing fertilizer: dosage range of 10–30 g) were employed. Media B10 (water added with 10 g organic fertilizer) had the highest removal 3– – efficiencies for NH3 –N, PO4, and NO3 with 25%, 38.5% and 30%. In addition, turbidity and pH value diminished to 15.65% and 18.6%, respectively. However, it indicated that Azolla pinnata has the potential as an agent of phytoremediation especially for water polluted with organic fertilizers.

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Decolorization and mineralization of Amaranth dye using multiple zoned aerobic and anaerobic baffled constructed wetland

2017-08-03 , Harvinder Kaur Lehl , Ong Soon An , Ho Li Ngee , Wong Yee Shian , Farah Naemah Mohd Saad , Oon Yoong Ling , Oon Yoong Sin , Thung Wei Eng , Yong Chin Yii

The objective of this study is to determine the reduction efficiency of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) as well as the removal of color and Amaranth dye metabolites by the Aerobic–anaerobic Baffled Constructed Wetland Reactor (ABCW). The ABCW reactor was planted with common reed (Phragmite australis) where the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was set to 1 day and was fed with synthetic wastewater with the addition of Amaranth dye. Supplementary aeration was supplied in designated compartments of the ABCW reactor to control the aerobic and anaerobic zones. After Amaranth dye addition the COD reduction efficiency dropped from 98 to 91% while the color removal efficiency was 100%. Degradation of azo bond in Amaranth dye is shown by the UV–Vis spectrum analysis which demonstrates partial degradation of Amaranth dye metabolites. The performance of the baffled unit is due to the longer pathway as there is the up-flow and down-flow condition sequentially, thus allowing more contact of the wastewater with the rhizomes and micro-aerobic zones.

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The relationship between land use and marine litter at Kuala Perlis coastal area

2020-06-10 , Zaity Syazwani Mohd Odli , Anisah Lee Abdullah , Farah Naemah Mohd Saad , Nurliana Syahirah Aris Fadzillah

Abundance of litter exist in our ocean are listed among the crucial threat to the biodiversity that caused a particular concern due to the abundance, durability and persistence in the coastal environment since the area is highly productive. This research paper is to focus on coastal pollution with the objectives of identifying marine litter to relate with the land use in Kuala Perlis, Malaysia. Marine litter is collected at three points along the shoreline stretching 30 meters in length and 5 meters in width. Collected litter varied between categories and the highest amount was plastic weighing 53.15 kg/m2 followed by fabric, wood, glass, rubber and metal. Generally, there are significant relationship between land use and accumulation of marine debris. As there is a development in the area, the accumulation of marine debris increases, in contrast with the small amount of debris found in undeveloped or nonpopulated areas. The accuracy assessment obtained from Landsat 8 year 2014 and 2018 and Kappa statistics shows value range from 0.7 to 0.9 which indicate good classification performance using ERDAS Imagine 2015. Slight changes in urban development, cultivation area and forest with 1 % while for the water bodies and unclassified or cloud with 9% and 8 %.

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Contamination and pollution assessment of heavy metal in Kuala Perlis sediment phase: a statistical analysis approach

2018-12 , Arina Azmina Ahmad Zubir , Farah Naemah Mohd Saad

A study on heavy metals pollution in sediment of Kuala Perlis was done which four types of heavy metals that are identified in the coastal area. The presence of Cr, Pb, Zn and Cu are resulted from the anthropogenic activities occurs in the land use of Kuala Perlis. Samples were collected with different depth phase (subsurface, 1ft, 2ft and 3ft) at five different points (A,B,C,D and E) based on the different land use activities. The distribution concentrations of Cr, Pb, Zn and Cu in each point were analyzed by using descriptive analysis. Based on the analysis Pb gives the highest in mean concentration compared to others in all points. The relation of metals concentration and the sediment characteristics were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. The correlation analysis shows the positive correlation among the metals with percentage of silt and clay and negative correlation among the metals with the sediment pH. The sediment pollution assessments were investigated by using contamination indices such as Enrichment Factor (EF), Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination Factor (CF) and Pollution Load Index (PLI). Among the four metals tested Pb gives the highest value of EF, Igeo and CF in sediments collected from each sampling points meanwhile point A gives the highest PLI value. Based on the terminologies, since the PLI value <1 so, the sediment in Kuala Perlis coastal area are considered as unpolluted sediment.

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