Mohammad Shahril Salim
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Preferred name
Mohammad Shahril Salim
Official Name
Mohammad Shahril , Salim
Alternative Name
Salim, Mohamad Shahril
Salim, M. S.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
37108376700
Researcher ID
AAR-1750-2020

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  • Publication
    Effect of muscle on cortical bone layer by finite element modeling
    ( 2021-05-03)
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Jaapar N.F.N.
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    Muscle is one of the important parts of the body as it made up from a bundle of fibrous tissue. The effects of fracture mechanisms of the bone are been studied related with the existing of muscle layer. In order to establish cortical bone with muscle layer, the structure of the base must be relevant and efficient. Therefore, finite element modeling method is an alternative way to study the effect of human fracture mechanisms with and without muscle layer. The aim of this study is to develop two dimensional (2D) model of human cortical bone and muscle layer in linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) and elastic plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM) by using ANSYS APDL applied on three-point bending test. Other than that, Stress Intensity Factor (K) and Strain Energy Release Rate (J-Integral) were analyzed on both 2D models which are cortical bone layer and cortical bone with muscle layer. Two methods were used to evaluate the values of K which are Displacement Extrapolation Method (DEM) and Constrained Integration (CINT) method. The experimental values then been compared with two theoretical expressions for validation purposes. By referring to the values of error for K and J-Integral values in both methods, it is proved that by using CINT method, the model produced smaller error and higher efficiency. By comparing the two models, cortical bone with muscle layer resulted lower K and J-Integral values. It can be concluded that layer of muscle on the cortical bone gives an impact on the crack tip that allow the growth of the crack.
  • Publication
    The Stability of The Combat Technique in Seni Silat Cekak Malaysia
    ( 2024-06-07)
    Aznor Hanah Abdul Halim
    ;
    Rohani S Mohamed Farook
    ;
    Mohamad Rizal Abdul Rejab
    ;
    Mohd Fairuz M. Fadzil
    ;
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    This paper presents the stability of the performer of Seni Silat Cekak Malaysia (SSCM) when performing the combat technique of SSCM buah jatuh, especially the Buah Kilas Hadapan (BKH). Comparisons are made when SSCM practitioners perform the movement with and without a sparring partner. The analysis of the study refers to the Center of Gravity (COG-Centre of Gravity) on the sole of the left foot that supports the SSCM performer's body when performing the movement of BKH. This study was conducted using Motion Capture System. The Oqus (camera) is placed around the platform which is used to record the movement of the human body through markers attached to the body. The data obtained is stored and processed through Qualisys Track Manager (QTM) and Visual 3D software. Data on the movement of BKH was recorded on two SSCM respondents of different genders. The Center of Gravity Point on the left foot of the SSCM practitioner was compared and analyzed. Axis changes on the left foot of SSCM respondents are mainly focused on the medial and lateral axis (left and right) when performing the BKH. The results of this study show a minimal coordinate change on the axis (0.02m to 0.06m) from the medial and lateral angles of the Center of Gravity on the left leg of the SSCM respondents proving that the BKH is stable.
  • Publication
    Accelerometer-based physical fatigue assessment in 400 meter running event
    ( 2021-05-03)
    Atiya S.O.
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Norasmadi Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Saidatul A.
    ;
    Nurhidayah Omar
    ;
    Hamzah S.
    Monitoring physical fatigue and capacity is important in high-performance environments to optimize the training stimulus and minimize unplanned physical fatigue. For that purpose, accelerometer sensors have emerged as a tool with the potential to measure and reflect changes in runner's acceleration. An accelerometer was used to measure the acceleration patterns which provided an analogue signal that could analyzed further by using different feature extractions. This research was aimed to estimate the location of physical fatigue occurrence in 400 m running. Basically, the experiments were conducted in outdoor track field, 6 subjects were involved, with age ranging between 19-24 years. In this study, two features have been used which are root mean square (RMS) and player load (PL) to indicate fatigue. The obtained results have shown that there were declines in the player load values in the last 150 m of running for most of the subjects which indicate occurrence of physical fatigue. On the other hand, some subjects have tried to save their energy in the 2nd and 3rd 100 m to speed up again in the last 100 m but there were obvious decrements in their player load in 400 m compared to the 1 100 m of running.
  • Publication
    The Influence of Saracen Archery Grasping Techniques and Forearm Muscles Activation on Shooting Performance in Traditional Archery: A Pilot Study
    ( 2021-11-25)
    Kamarudin N.F.
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Kasim M.F.
    ;
    Nurhidayah Omar
    ;
    Maz Jamilah Masnan
    ;
    Lim C.C.
    The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of four grasping techniques recommended by Saracen Archery and associated forearm muscles activation on traditional archer’s shooting performance. Each archer has shot 6 arrows in each grasping technique to the target, EMG activities of muscle Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (MFDS) and muscle Extensor Digitorum (MED) were collected in bow arm during aiming phase. The shooting performance was indicated by the distance from arrow hitting point on the target to the bull’s eye. The results revealed that each subject has specific grasping technique to obtain the best shooting performance. The grasping technique that generated the best performance is not as recommended by Saracen Archery. All subjects indicated that the best shooting performance was obtained when MED activated more than MFDS.
  • Publication
    Splining raw kinematic data of standing-bending-lifting movement
    ( 2024-01-05)
    Nurhidayah Omar
    ;
    Isa M.S.M.
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    Spline functions and digital filtering are two numerical methods normally used by the researchers in the field of biomechanics to perform data smoothing and time differentiation. The objective of this study is to perform data smoothing on the raw kinematic data of a subject performing standing-bending-lifting activity using spline function, and to calculate time differentiation from the kinematic data. Raw data on standing-bending-lifting movement was recorded in Biomechanics Lab, UniMAP. Next, quintic spline function was used to smooth the data and calculate the angular velocity and angular acceleration at L5, L3, L1, MAI and T2. When calculated for one trial, the error estimation between smooth and raw data at L5, L3, L1, MAI, and T2 are 0.008°, 0.003°, 0.003°, 0.004°, and 0.008°, respectively. When calculating for five trials, the average error estimation between smooth and raw data at L5, L3, L1, MAI, and T2 are 0.007°, 0.009°, 0.011°, 0.012°, and 0.012°, respectively. The result shows that the quintic spline is able to produce satisfactory output in data smoothing.
  • Publication
    Variation of Stress Intensity Factor and Strain Energy Release Rate in Human Cortical Bone Using Finite Element Analysis
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Nur Azila Azahari
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Hamzah Sakeran
    Finite element analysis is an alternative way to study human fracture behaviour as the technology is a leading innovation in biomechanics field. The aim of this study is to analyse the strain intensity factor and strain energyrelease rate when three-point bending test and tensile test were applied on a two-dimensional cortical bone model developed and tested using finite element software, Ansys. K values gained from Data Extrapolation Method (DEM) through Ansys for three-point bending test were compared with CINT method, Hiroshi Tada’s and Allan F. Bower’s theoretical expression while K values from DEM were only been compared with CINT method for tensile test. Meanwhile, J-integral values were obtained through CINT method using Ansys and analysed with different crack-to-width ratios and loads. As a result, stress intensity factor increased as crack-to-width ratio increased and strain energy release rate also increased as crack-to-width ratio and loads increased. It can be concluded that finite element analysis can be used to study the fracture behaviour of human cortical bone.
  • Publication
    Effect of Arm Swing Direction on Forward and Backward Jump Performance Based on Biomechanical Analysis
    ( 2021-11-25)
    Teoh L.M.
    ;
    Hamzah Sakeran
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Wan Zuki Azman Wan Muhamad
    ;
    Shapie M.A.M.
    Previous studies have examined the role of arm swing for various types of jumping technique, but none have been found to study about the gender differences in term of the role of arm swing on forward and backward jump. This study aimed to compare the jumping performance between male and female for forward and backward jump. Seven male and seven female subjects performed four trials of forward and backward jump with (FJA, BJA) and without arm swing (FJ, BJ) respectively. Qualisys Track Manager System, EEGO Sports, Visual3D and MATLAB software was used to record and analyze the performance. According to the result, the triceps brachii muscle is the most active muscle compared to other muscles during jumping. The normalized vGRF showed significant correlation with jump height when jumping forward and backward (p<0.01). The arm swing enhanced the jumping performance by increasing the jump height. Males demonstrated greater vGRF and jump height than females. When jump with arm swing, the left knee flexion angle of males increased whereas females decreased. These findings concluded there is different between males and females during jumping.
  • Publication
    Analysis of crack propagation in human long bone by using finite element modeling
    ( 2017-12-04)
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    The aim of this research is to present a numerical modeling of crack for human long bone specifically on femur shaft bone under mode I loading condition. Two - dimensional model (2D) of long bone was developed based on past research study. The finite element analysis and construction of the model are done using Mechanical APDL (ANSYS) v14.0 software. The research was conducted mainly based on two conditions that were at different crack lengths and different loading forces for male and female. In order to evaluate the stress intensity factor (KI) of the femur shaft of long bone, this research employed finite element method to predict the brittle fracture loading by using three-point bending test. The result of numerical test found that the crack was formed when the crack length reached 0.0022 m where KI values are proportional with the crack's length. Also, various loading forces in range of 400 N to 1000 N were applied in an attempt to study their effect on stress intensity factor and it was found that the female dimension has higher KI values compared to male. It was also observed that K values found by this method have good agreement with theoretical results based on previous research.
  • Publication
    Influence of Carrying Unstable Load on Thoracic Kinematics While Walking on a Curved Path
    ( 2021-11-25)
    Ngoc D.K.
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Nurhidayah Omar
    ;
    Basarrudin K.S.
    ;
    Hamzah Sakeran
    ;
    Halim I.
    ;
    Usman J.
    ;
    Lim C.C.
    This study investigated the effect of carrying unstable load on thoracic kinematics while walking on a curved path. Three-dimensional spinal kinematics were defined as the rotations between thoracic and the Virtual laboratory coordinate system (Tho/ Virtual lab) which consisted of lateral bending (LB), flexion/extension (FE) and axial rotation (AR) in the frontal plane, sagittal plane and transverse plane, respectively. Eight healthy young adults (4 males and 4 females) performed loads carrying and walking on one meter radius curved path. Spinal kinematics was determined at the left leg heel strike and just before the right toe off during the curved path walking. As a result, a significant main effect of load intensity was found only on FE of (Tho/Virtual lab) at both left leg heel strike and right leg toe off. The study concluded that an increase in the load intensity of unstable load from 10% of body weight likely to generate more thorax extension.
  • Publication
    Changes on EEG Power Spectrum with Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Kamaruddin H.K.
    ;
    Bakar A.H.A.
    ;
    Zainuddin N.F.
    ;
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Saidatul Ardeenawatie Awang
    Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse has been shown to activated brain regions via oral receptors that related to rewards and motor control that can enhance exercise performance. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of CHO mouth rinsing on electroencephalography (EEG) power spectrum responses. Ten recreational athletes performed a mouth rinsing for 10 s with CHO or placebo (PLB) solution on seated position, eyes closed and in air conditioning room. The EEG was measured during the initial mouth rinsing with 14 electrodes attached on the participant’s scalp. The EEG activity included alpha, beta, delta, and theta power increased following mouth rinsing (CHO and PLB). However, a significant alpha power was observed with CHO when compared to PLB mouth rinsing on frontal and temporal regions (p = 0.003). No significant differences within beta, delta, and theta power for both solution comparisons, respectively (p > 0.05). The results of this study demonstrate that brain activity may be related to the presence of CHO mouth rinsing. The changes in cortical responses particularly in alpha power may influence the increased of arousal and motivation level.