Ili Salwani Mohamad
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Preferred name
Ili Salwani Mohamad
Official Name
Mohamad, Ili Salwani
Alternative Name
Salwani, Iii
Salwani Mohamad, Ili
Mohamad, I. S.B.
Mohamad, I. S.
Smohamad, I.
Ili, Salwani Mohamad
Bintimohamad, Ilisalwani
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
55898400600
Researcher ID
ABS-3594-2022

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  • Publication
    Synthesis methods of tin oxide as photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cell performance- a short review
    ( 2021-12)
    Siti Norhafizah Idris
    ;
    Mohd Natashah Norizan
    ;
    Ili Salwani Mohamad
    ;
    Norsuria Mahmed
    ;
    Kaiswariah Magiswaran
    ;
    Sharizal Ahmad Sobri
    This review focused on the synthesis methods of tin oxide (SnO₂) nanoparticles as a photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and how it impacts the performance. There are many different techniques and various nanoparticles were produced and usually characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine crystalline structure of SnO₂, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the surface morphology and size details and J-V solar simulator to verify current-voltage characteristics. In summary, considering all the methods reviewed, sol-gel is reported as the best method to produce SnO₂ nanoparticles for DSSC fabrication with the highest efficiency recorded of 3.96%.
  • Publication
    Synthesis Methods of Tin Oxide as Photoanode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Performance: A Short Review
    ( 2021-12-01)
    Idris S.N.
    ;
    Mohd Natashah Norizan
    ;
    Ili Salwani Mohamad
    ;
    Norsuria Mahmed
    ;
    Magiswaran K.
    ;
    Sobri S.A.
    This review focused on the synthesis methods of tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles as a photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and how it impacts the performance. There are many different techniques and various nanoparticles were produced and usually characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine crystalline structure of SnO2, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the surface morphology and size details and J-V solar simulator to verify current-voltage characteristics. In summary, considering all the methods reviewed, sol-gel is reported as the best method to produce SnO2 nanoparticles for DSSC fabrication with the highest efficiency recorded of 3.96%.
  • Publication
    Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)-activated carbon composite from ground coffee waste for the removal of copper ions (Cu²⁺) from solution
    ( 2024-12)
    Siti Norsaffirah Zailan
    ;
    Norsuria Mahmed
    ;
    Nur Mawaddah Juzaini
    ;
    Mohd Natashah Norizan
    ;
    Ili Salwani Mohamad
    ;
    Aissa Bouaissi
    The influence of the magnetite addition on the adsorption efficiency of activated carbon (AC) synthesized using different activators was investigated. In this work, the activated carbon from ground coffee waste (GCW) was prepared via activation with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and potassium hydroxide (KOH), followed by carbonization at 500˚C. The magnetite (Fe₃O₄)-activated carbon composites were prepared by mixing the activated carbon with Fe₃O₄ powders. From the X-ray diffraction analysis, both activated carbons produced by H₃PO₄, and KOH are in the form of amorphous structures. Magnetite peaks can be observed from the magnetite-activated carbon composites. KOH-treated activated carbon shows the formation of porous honeycomb-like structures with large pore size (average diameter ±43 𝛍m) compared to H3PO4-treated activated carbon where the smaller, non-uniform pore morphology with the average diameter ±32 𝛍m was formed. The copper ions removal efficiency is the highest for biochar (almost 100%). For treated activated carbon, AC-KOH and MAC-KOH shows the highest adsorption removal efficiency (99.7%) compared to the acid-treated carbon (91.9%). Magnetite itself has good adsorption behaviour (93.6% efficiency) due to its nanocrystalline structure (high surface area) and functional groups.
  • Publication
    Ground coffee waste-derived activated carbon a sustainable adsorbent and photocatalyst for effective methylene blue dye degradation
    ( 2024-12)
    Or Yang Jai Xien
    ;
    Siti Norsaffirah Zailan
    ;
    Norsuria Mahmed
    ;
    Mohd Natashah Norizan
    ;
    Ili Salwani Mohamad
    This study focuses on harnessing the potential of ground coffee waste (GCW) as a valuable precursor to produce activated carbon (AC) through pyrolysis. The objective is to develop an eco-friendly adsorbent and photocatalyst for environmental remediation applications. Preceding pyrolysis at 350°C for 3.5 hours, GCW was subjected to activate using hydrochloric acid (HCl) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). The resulting AC was subsequently combined with titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst powder, resulting in the creation of TiO2-AC composites that functioned both as adsorbent and photocatalyst. The TiO2-AC composites were investigated for their adsorption and photocatalytic capabilities in the degradation of 10 ppm methylene blue dye under sunlight exposure for 240 minutes. Morphological analysis revealed a sponge-like structure for both HCl-activated AC and NaOH-activated AC, with HCl-AC exhibiting more pronounced and uniform pores compared to KOH-AC. Remarkably, GCW demonstrated the highest removal efficiency, effectively removing 97.34% of methylene blue, outperforming HCl-AC (16.89%) and KOH-AC (10.41%). Nonetheless, the AC-TiO2 composites, specifically HCl-AC/TiO2 and KOH-AC/TiO2, also exhibited considerable removal efficiencies of 93.31% and 92.46%, respectively. These findings underscore the promising potential of utilizing GCW-derived activated carbon as an environmentally sustainable solution for organic pollutant treatment and herald its significance in promoting greener approaches to waste utilization and environmental protection.
  • Publication
  • Publication
    Indium (In) Effects to The Efficiency Performance of Ga1-XInxP/GaAs Based Solar Cell Using Silvaco Software Modelling & Simulation
    ( 2017-06-27)
    Mohd Natashah Norizan
    ;
    Suhaila Mohd Zahari
    ;
    Ili Salwani Mohamad
    ;
    Rozana Aina Maulat Osman
    ;
    Shahimin M.M.
    ;
    Sohiful Anuar Zainol Murad
    Ga1-xInxP composition has been applied to the top cell of multi-junction GaInP/GaAs based solar cell and currently have achieving a conversion efficiency of more than 46%, however its capability is unclear. We performed an analysis using Silvaco simulation method to evaluate the effect of In and the substitution was made to the Ga1-xInxP for the range of x from 0 to 1. We found that the highest efficiency recorded was 17.66% when the composition of Indium was x=1. The efficiency has been increasing about 11.71% from x=0 to x=1 In content. As the composition of In raised, the value of efficiency and short circuit current density, Jsc also become higher (13.60 mA/cm2) by having a greater photon absorption in a wider band gap energy. In addition to that, Voc, Pmax, Vmax, Imax and fill factor was measured to be 2.15 V, 2.44 mW/cm2, 2.0 V, 1.22 mA/cm2 and 83.34 respectively. In conclusion, this study confirms that the existence of In in Ga1-xInxP improves the solar cell efficiency by gaining a higher energy gap and producing more electrons for best achievement in multilayer solar cell applications.
  • Publication
    Recent advances in synthesis of Graphite from agricultural bio-waste material : a review
    ( 2023-05-08)
    Yee Wen Yap
    ;
    Norsuria Mahmed
    ;
    Mohd Natashah Norizan
    ;
    Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim
    ;
    Midhat Nabil Ahmad Salimi
    ;
    Kamrosni Abdul Razak
    ;
    Ili Salwani Mohamad
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Mohd Yusry Mohamad Yunus
    Graphitic carbon is a valuable material that can be utilized in many fields, such as electronics, energy storage and wastewater filtration. Due to the high demand for commercial graphite, an alternative raw material with lower costs that is environmentally friendly has been explored. Amongst these, an agricultural bio-waste material has become an option due to its highly bioactive properties, such as bioavailability, antioxidant, antimicrobial, in vitro and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, biomass wastes usually have high organic carbon content, which has been discovered by many researchers as an alternative carbon material to produce graphite. However, there are several challenges associated with the graphite production process from biomass waste materials, such as impurities, the processing conditions and production costs. Agricultural bio-waste materials typically contain many volatiles and impurities, which can interfere with the synthesis process and reduce the quality of the graphitic carbon produced. Moreover, the processing conditions required for the synthesis of graphitic carbon from agricultural biomass waste materials are quite challenging to optimize. The temperature, pressure, catalyst used and other parameters must be carefully controlled to ensure that the desired product is obtained. Nevertheless, the use of agricultural biomass waste materials as a raw material for graphitic carbon synthesis can reduce the production costs. Improving the overall cost-effectiveness of this approach depends on many factors, including the availability and cost of the feedstock, the processing costs and the market demand for the final product. Therefore, in this review, the importance of biomass waste utilization is discussed. Various methods of synthesizing graphitic carbon are also reviewed. The discussion ranges from the conversion of biomass waste into carbon-rich feedstocks with different recent advances to the method of synthesis of graphitic carbon. The importance of utilizing agricultural biomass waste and the types of potential biomass waste carbon precursors and their pre-treatment methods are also reviewed. Finally, the gaps found in the previous research are proposed as a future research suggestion. Overall, the synthesis of graphite from agricultural bio-waste materials is a promising area of research, but more work is needed to address the challenges associated with this process and to demonstrate its viability at scale.
  • Publication
    A study on electrical performance of SiC-based self-switching diode (SSD) as a high voltage high power device
    ( 2023-12)
    N. Z. A. A. Sha’ari
    ;
    Nor Farhani Zakaria
    ;
    Shahrir Rizal Kasjoo
    ;
    Mohd Natashah Norizan
    ;
    Ili Salwani Mohamad
    ;
    Mohd Fairus Ahmad
    ;
    Shamsul Amir Abdul Rais
    ;
    Banu Poobalan
    ;
    Norhayati Sabani
    ;
    A. F. A. Rahim
    The Self-switching Diodes (SSDs) have been primarily researched and used in low-power device applications for RF detection and harvesting applications. In this paper, we explore the potential of SSDs in high-voltage applications with the usage of Silicon Carbide (SiC) as substrate materials which offers improved efficiency and reduced energy consumption. Optimization in terms of the variation in the interface charges, metal work function, and doping concentration values has been performed by means of a 2D TCAD device simulator. The results showed that the SSD can block up to 600 V of voltage with an optimum interface charge value of 1013 cm-2, making them suitable for higher voltage applications. Furthermore, it also found that the work function of the metal contact affected the forward voltage value, impacting the current flow in the device. Variation in doping concentrations also resulted in higher breakdown voltages and significantly increased forward current, leading to an increased power rating of 27 kW. In conclusion, the usage of 4H-SiC-based SSDs shows a usable potential for high-voltage applications with optimized parameters. The results from this research can facilitate the implementation of SSD in the development of high-power semiconductor devices for various industrial applications.
  • Publication
    ZnO Photoanode effect on the efficiency performance of organic based dye sensitized solar cell
    ( 2017-06-27)
    Ili Salwani Mohamad
    ;
    Siti Suhaili Ismail
    ;
    Mohd Natashah Norizan
    ;
    Sohiful Anuar Zainol Murad
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    Dye sensitized solar cell has been emerged as one of the most promising candidates for photovoltaics applications in good quality of their low manufacturing cost and impressive conversion energy. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) which is used as photoanode in the market has the advantage of wide bandgap energy but low in electron mobility (∼10 cm2/(V.s)). Ruthenium in the other hand, as the dye sensitizer is a rare noble metal and harmful to human health. Thus, this article reveals the performance of photo-to-electric conversion efficiency with the usage of Zinc Oxide as photoanode with higher electron mobility (155 cm2/(V.s)) compared to TiO2 utilizing three natural fruit dyes of Prunus domestica, Magnifera indica and Citrus limon. ZnO and TiO2 photoanodes were fabricated using sol gel and dr blade method respectively. The morphology of the photoanodes were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope and the efficiency of the complete DSSC with all different fruit dyes were characterized using Semiconductor Parametric Analyzer. The different property of electron mobility photoanodes effect in DSSC proved to give better performance with the photoconversion efficiency of 3.082% using ZnO with Prunus domestica dye. This article also reveals that pH indicator does not affect the selection and the performance of DSSC.
  • Publication
    Charge recombination in zinc oxide-based dye-sensitized solar cell: a mini review
    ( 2021-12)
    Kaiswariah Magiswaran
    ;
    Mohd Natashah Norizan
    ;
    Ili Salwani Mohamad
    ;
    Norsuria Mahmed
    ;
    Siti Norhafizah Idris
    ;
    Sharizal Ahmad Sobri
    Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has been studied widely due to its efficiency and the simplicity of manufacturing technology. Much research has been performed to improve the photovoltaic output parameters in DSSC by modifying the photoanode layers. The efforts to investigate DSSC mainly focus on how to increase light absorption, speed electron transport in circuits, and reduce charge recombination. This review discusses the process of charge recombination and the paths of occurrence in a DSSC. Recombination occurs when the electrons in the conduction band fall into the valance band holes and is considered an unnecessary process in DSSC. Due to the recombination process, the photocurrent and the photovoltage are reduced, leading to lower power conversion efficiency. Hence, the ways to overcome the charge recombination process were also discussed.