Now showing 1 - 10 of 106
  • Publication
    Cryptanalysis cipher text using new modeling: Text encryption using elliptic curve cryptography
    ( 2020-01-08)
    Naji M.A.
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    Hammood D.A.
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    Atee H.A.
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    Jebur R.S.
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    Cryptanalysis is the investigation of cipher content, ciphers and cryptosystems with the point of seeing how they work and finding and improving procedures for crushing or debilitating. Elliptic Curve Cryptography is one of the newest fields in cryptography field. This paper has proposed a new technique where classical techniques are replaced with new technique by changing characters with affine points. This technique avoids costly mapping.
  • Publication
    Zero Index Metamaterial of Simulated Split Ring Resonator Element
    Split Ring Resonator of Zero Index metamaterial element has been proposed. The Split Ring Resonator consists of four loops; a more modest loop inside a bigger one, with openings, consolidated into each loop at the far edges, and an expansion of the rectangular loop to realize the gap (split) which permits control of the capacitance. The split ring is designed and simulated using sophisticated simulation software to have accurate simulation results. Two waveguide ports of terminals have been used within the assigned unit cell boundary for the simulated purpose. A parametric study has taken place for the width and length of the split ring resonator to find the optimized design to have zero index at the desired frequency of 2.7 GHz. The optimized dimensions of the split ring resonator are 7.29 mm and 6.0 mm for width and length respectively. The split ring resonator successfully recorded zero index (phase) at the desired frequency of 2.7 GHz for low-frequency applications specifically for GHz ranges.
  • Publication
    A dual band antenna design for future millimeter wave wireless communication at 24.25 GHz and 38 GHz
    ( 2017-10-10)
    Daud N.N.
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    ; ; ;
    Sapabathy T.
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    Mohd Nizam Osman
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    Yassin M.N.M.
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    Kamarudin M.R.
    This paper proposes a dual band antenna for future millimeter wave wireless communication. The performance of this dual band antenna is analyzed in term of reflection coefficient when some of the length of the patch antenna was adjustable, overall gain and total efficiency for both frequencies respectively. The size of this presented patch antenna is 4.9 × 7.6 mm2. The dual band antenna was fabricated on a RTRogers5880 with a dielectric constant of £=2.2 and thickness of the substrate is 0.127 mm. The simulated result obtained the reflection coefficient as a requirement of the antenna which is not less than -10 dB for 24.25 GHz and 38 GHz that capable to cover 5G applications. The proposed antenna has achieved a maximum gain up to 5.5 dBi and 4.5 dBi at desired frequencies respectively. All design and simulation are carried out using CST Microwave Studio software. The proposed antenna design could be suitable to be applied as a device to the 5G wireless system.
  • Publication
    Reliable data transmission: An IoT health-based paradiam
    ( 2020-11-01)
    Hammood D.A.
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    Mahmoud M.S.
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    Alkhayyat A.
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    A WBAN can be spread over a person's body, so; posing, dressing, moving of muscles, degree of heat of bodies as well as weather changes in general affect connections among sensors as well as desired point. Secondly, information collected via every sensor can be connected to a person's course of life; so, it can be considered as significant to guarantee that the collected information ought to be given to desired point competently. In this work, a critical cooperating communicating protocol to WBAN established on information has been suggested, called critical Data Transmission using Transmission Mode Selection (CD-TMS) method established for the architecture of star topology. In the beginning, we performed a studying, also we established a system model can be looked at according to channel los of path, effective transmitting possibility, as well as the out of work time possibility. Thirdly, relaying selecting can be used accompanied by CD-TMS, that lets just the most successful relaying take part in cooperating in a spread manner. Simulating as well as numeral outcomes illustrate that CD-TMS has the ability to develop the performing of a network under common terms comparing with direct transmission mode (DTM) IEEE 802.15.6 CSMA as well as benchmark.
  • Publication
    Co-planar waveguide (CPW) slotted bow-tie antenna with band-notch using polygon-shaped branches structure
    ( 2017-11-20)
    Abdulmalek M.
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    Nornikman H.
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    Al-Khatib O.
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    Abdulaziz N.
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    Aziz M.Z.A.A.
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    Ahmad B.H.
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    Mustapha M.S.
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    Muslihat M.M.D.M.
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    York S.B.
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    Yusof S.H.M.
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    Nazim N.S.M.
    Nowadays, the world has rapidly evolved in the communication system in term of speed and information capacity. Thus, a bow-tie antenna is the suggestion to use because of its exhibits low profile and lightweight. However, the bow-tie patch antenna, inherently have narrow bandwidths and in general are half wavelength structures operating at the fundamental resonant mode. To cater this problem, a slotted bow-tie antenna is designed for wireless applications with consist techniques a pair of polygon-shaped branches structure is implemented on each arm of the bow-tie slot antenna characteristics. The co-planar waveguide is applied to this antenna to effect the wider bandwidth to the antenna. This proposed CPW slotted bow-tie antenna is using FR-4 substrate with dielectric constant, εr = 4.4 and the electrical conductivity tangent loss, tan Δ = 0.019 with substrate dimension of 52.4 mm length × 22.3 mm width. Several parametric studies are done to make sure the suitable dimension for best antenna performance. In this case, several different dimensions of three part are consider to study, such as the microstrip line width (Wml), height of feedline (Hfl), and the length of branch, Lbr. The basic antenna without polygon-shaped branches can offer a wider frequency band operation at 2.293 GHz-2.541 GHz with bandwidth of 248 MHz effect by the co-planar waveguide technique. After the addition of the polygon-shaped branches structure to the bow-tie part, its effect a band-notch effect at the 2.46 GHz, while creating a new resonant frequency at two different part at 2.394 GHz and 2.511 GHz with resonant frequency of −18.585 dB and 19.555 dB, respectively.
  • Publication
    Reconfigurable pattern patch antenna for mid-band 5G: A review
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Isa S.R.
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    ; ;
    Nebhen J.
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    Kamarudin M.R.
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    Abbasi Q.H.
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    ; ;
    Soh Ping Jack
    New requirements in communication technologies make it imperative to rehash conventional features such as reconfigurable antennas to adapt with the future adaptability advancements. This paper presents a comprehensive review of reconfigurable antennas, specifically in terms of radiation patterns for adaptation in the upcoming Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio frequency bands. They represent the key of antenna technology for materializing a high rate transmission, increased spectral and energy efficiency, reduced interference, and improved the beam steering and beam shaping, thereby land a great promise for planar antennas to boost the mid-band 5G. This review begins with an overview of the underlying principals in reconfiguring radiation patterns, followed by the presentations of the implemented innovative antenna topologies to suit particular advanced features. The various adaptation techniques of radiation pattern reconfigurable planar antennas and the understanding of its antenna design approaches has been investigated for its radiation pattern enhancement. A variety of design configurations have also been critically studied for their compatibilities to be operated in the mid-band communication systems. The review provides new insights on pattern reconfigurable antenna where such antennas are categorized as beam steering antenna and beam shaping antennas where the operation modes and purposes are clearly investigated. The review also revealed that for mid-band 5G communication, the commonly used electronic switching such as PIN diodes have sufficient isolation loss to provide the required beam performance.
  • Publication
    Switchable Beam Antenna with Five Planar Element using PIN Diode in Elevation Plane
    ( 2020-09-28)
    Adan F.H.
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    ; ; ;
    Alaydrus M.
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    Awal M.R.
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    Alomainy A.
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    Kamarudin M.R.
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    Majid H.A.
    This work focuses on the switchable beam parasitic patch antenna for the point to point communication system. This concept gives more flexibility due to their ability to modify the radiation and providing multiple functionalities. This work focuses on two points directly to minimize the number of PIN Diode and to maximize its reconfiguration capabilities. First, the concept of two parasitic element is addressed. The mutual coupling effect between both driven and parasitic has manage to steer the beam to-28{\mathrm{o}}, \ 0{\mathrm{o}} and +28o different angles in a single layer. The design consists of four parasitic elements with full ground and four pin diode switch HPND-4005, five different directions have been reached which are-450,-30{\mathrm{o}}, \ 0{\mathrm{o}}+30{\mathrm{o}} and +450. The parasitic patch antenna has achieved high gain of 8. 92dBi at 5.8 GHz with the beam ability to steer unti145o for both side of the parasitic element.
  • Publication
    Online learning approach for predictive Real-Time energy trading in Cloud-RANs
    ( 2021) ;
    Xinruo Zhang
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    Mohammad Reza Nakhai
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    R. Badlishah, Ahmad
    Constantly changing electricity demand has made variability and uncertainty inherent characteristics of both electric generation and cellular communication systems. This paper develops an online learning algorithm as a prescheduling mechanism to manage the variability and uncertainty to maintain cost-aware and reliable operation in cloud radio access networks (Cloud-RANs). The proposed algorithm employs a combinatorial multi-armed bandit model and minimizes the long-term energy cost at remote radio heads. The algorithm preschedules a set of cost-efficient energy packages to be purchased from an ancillary energy market for the future time slots by learning both from cooperative energy trading at previous time slots and by exploring new energy scheduling strategies at the current time slot. The simulation results confirm a significant performance gain of the proposed scheme in controlling the available power budgets and minimizing the overall energy cost compared with recently proposed approaches for real-time energy resources and energy trading in Cloud-RANs.
  • Publication
    Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in 3D Modelling of UniCITI Campus to Estimate Building Size
    The drone mapping has a huge potential for numerous sectors including construction, agriculture, mining, infrastructure inspection and real estate. Drones are used as assisting tools in civil applications for large-scale aerial mapping of buildings, which is a difficult task for surveyors to do because of the unreachable access area, time consuming, and expensive due to limited resources and equipment. To address this issue, this paper introduces UAV-based mapping. Furthermore, when flying from a different flight plan, the UAV will capture and collect visual images. Then, the image from drone was process in Agisoft Metashape software to generate a 3D model of building. This process will go through several steps to analyze which method for capturing images can produce high-quality 3D mapping. The research results of this project are to determine which photogrammetry technique can generate a high quality of 3D mapping with accurate and fast.
  • Publication
    Review: Optimization algorithms in Wireless Body Area Networks
    ( 2020-03-20)
    Hammood D.A.
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    Alkhayyat A.
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    Wireless body area network is abbreviated as WBAN. This kind has been originated after the getting of wireless sensor network developing to a certain kind of being matured. That has been likely owing to the huge advance directing to usable wireless comfortable scientific knowledge as well as electronic componential parts that can be tiny. definitely, such research has obtained important attention nowadays owing to its practical uses which mainly can be in the direction of the sector of health care. Nowadays, a small sensor can be put on the body of humans for recording different mental parameters and this sensor is able to send collected information towards another device in order to get more important behaviours taken. Thus, that is utilized to diagnose illnesses as well as improving dangerous problems alert systems in health field. In this paper, various wireless body area network protocols and algorithms are viewed to optimize QoS in WBAN to improve network lifetime. Such as energy-efficient, duty cycle, power consumption, end to end delay using optimization algorithms.