Nurul Syahirah Khalid
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Preferred name
Nurul Syahirah Khalid
Official Name
Nurul Syahirah, Khalid
Alternative Name
Khalid, Nurul Syahirah
Khalid, N. S.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
57211391691
Researcher ID
CZU-5405-2022

Research Output

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 13
  • Publication
    Detection of indoor building lighting fixtures in point cloud data using SDBSCAN
    (Iran University of Science and Technology, 2025-06)
    Humairah Mansor
    ;
    Shazmin Aniza Abdul Shukor
    ;
    Nurul Syahirah Khalid
    ;
    Razak Wong Chen Keng
    Building fixtures like lighting are very important to be modelled, especially when a higher level of modelling details is required for planning indoor renovation. LIDAR is often used to capture these details due to its capability to produce dense information. However, this led to the high amount of data that needs to be processed and requires a specific method, especially to detect lighting fixtures. This work proposed a method named Size Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (SDBSCAN) to detect the lighting fixtures by calculating the size of the clusters and classifying them by extracting the clusters that belong to lighting fixtures. It works based on Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN), where geometrical features like size are incorporated to detect and classify these lighting fixtures. The final results of the detected lighting fixtures to the raw point cloud data are validated by using F1-score and IoU to determine the accuracy of the predicted object classification and the positions of the detected fixtures. The results show that the proposed method has successfully detected the lighting fixtures with scores of over 0.9. It is expected that the developed algorithm can be used to detect and classify fixtures from any 3D point cloud data representing buildings.
  • Publication
    Cycling performance prediction based on cadence analysis by using multiple regression
    ( 2021-12-01)
    Sukhairi Sudin
    ;
    Aziz Naim Abdul Aziz
    ;
    Fathinul Syahir Ahmad Sa'ad
    ;
    Nurul Syahirah Khalid
    ;
    Ismail Ishaq Ibrahim
    This project examined the influence of the cadence, speed, heart rate and power towards the cycling performance by using Garmin Edge 1000.Any change in cadence will affect the speed, heart rate and power of the novice cyclist and the changes pattern will be observed through mobile devices installed with Garmin Connect application. Every results will be recorded for the next task which analysis the collected data by using machine learning algorithm which is Regression analysis. Regression analysis is a statistical method for modelling the connection between one or more independent variables and a dependent (target) variable. Regression analysis is required to answer these types of prediction problems in machine learning. Regression is a supervised learning technique that aids in the discovery of variable correlations and allows for the prediction of a continuous output variable based on one or more predictor variables. A total of forty days' worth of events were captured in the dataset. Cadence act as dependent variable, (y) while speed, heart rate and power act as independent variable, (x) in prediction of the cycling performance. Simple linear regression is defined as linear regression with only one input variable (x). When there are several input variables, the linear regression is referred to as multiple linear regression. The research uses a linear regression technique to predict cycling performance based on cadence analysis. The linear regression algorithm reveals a linear relationship between a dependent (y) variable and one or more independent (y) variables, thus the name. Because linear regression reveals a linear relationship, it determines how the value of the dependent variable changes as the value of the independent variable changes. This analysis use the Mean Squared Error (MSE) expense function for Linear Regression, which is the average of squared errors between expected and real values. Value of R squared had been recorded in this project. A low R-squared value means that the independent variable is not describing any of the difference in the dependent variable-regardless of variable importance, this is letting know that the defined independent variable, although meaningful, is not responsible for much of the variance in the dependent variable's mean. By using multiple regression, the value of R-squared in this project is acceptable because over than 0.7 and as known this project based on human behaviour and usually the R-squared value hardly to have more than 0.3 if involve human factor but in this project the R-squared is acceptable.
      3  18
  • Publication
    IoT-based Carbon Monoxide (CO) Real-Time Warning System Application in Vehicles
    ( 2021-12-01)
    Kamarudin A.A.A.
    ;
    Nurul Syahirah Khalid
    ;
    Ismail Ishaq Ibrahim
    ;
    Muhammad Aizat Abu Bakar
    ;
    Mahadi M.Z.
    ;
    Shazmin Aniza Abdul Shukor
    ;
    Sukhairi Sudin
    ;
    Mohd Zamri Hasan
    ;
    Humairah Mansor
    The project is about develop a system and application for detect the presence of Carbon Monoxide(CO) in car, since recently there are many cases of drowning while sleeping in car due to inhaling CO. The build system are able to detect the presence of CO and provide warning about level of CO to the users. It uses Blynk application to monitors level of CO inside the vehicle, MQ-9 gas sensor as the input sensor, ESP 8266 as medium to send data to the application via IoT-based and the level concentration of CO is displayed on the LCD in real-time displayed. For the output, it has 3 different condition based on the level concentration of CO. This project has been testing in six different situation. Based on the result, ambience air and in car with open window situation have lowest of CO level. Meanwhile, the highest of CO level is detect in smoke that are produced from fuel combustion of the car exhaust at distance 5 cm. Additionally, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to analysed the ability of this system in clustering for each situation. As a result, PCA have clearly clustering data for every situation with the value of PC1 is 71.82% and PC2 is 28.18%, hence it is verified that the build system is able to applied in detecting the presence of CO. This project is believed able in helping to reduce the numbers of cases people drowning while sleeping due to inhaling CO in the car.
      6  26
  • Publication
    Assessment of magnetic field on body axis and orbit axis of RazakSAT in Near Equatorial Orbit using IGRF model
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Mohd Zamri Hasan
    ;
    Fadly M.
    ;
    Said M.A.M.
    ;
    Hazadura N.H.
    ;
    Nurul Syahirah Khalid
    Magnetometer is reference sensor of satellite that function to measure the vector of magnetic field during satellite enter the orbit. The magnetic field measurement vector will be employed in the Attitude Determination System (ADS) to calculate the satellite's orientation with respect to the Earth. However, any misalignments or disturbances on the ADS can affect the orientation of the satellite in terms of the orbital position. Therefore, in this paper assessment of magnetic field on body axis and orbit axis of RazakSAT by using The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) model. RazakSAT as references to verify the IGRF model by using residual analysis that percentage error less than 5% requirement from Astronautic Technology Sdn Bhd (ATSB). The result show, Y-axis and Z-axis from orbit frame meet the requirement of ATSB is less than 5%.
      3  17
  • Publication
    Initial Study of Radio Tomographic Imaging for Human localization by using Simulation Model
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Abdullah M.S.M.
    ;
    Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman
    ;
    Nurul Syahirah Khalid
    ;
    Aimi Salihah Abdul Nasir
    This paper explains the details of modelling the simulation works designin setup for the RTI system. Th simulation modelling using software is focused on the interaction of electromagnetic behaviour in a dielectric medium of human inside a monitoring area. The modelling works have involved the criteria of the human, frequency and number of sensor nodes, dielectric properties of the human and last but not least, the configurations of the Radio tomography imaging (RTI) system. The model is then developed in the software to observe and investigate the result.
      1
  • Publication
    Specific Gravity-based of Post-harvest Mangifera indica L. cv. Harumanis for ‘Insidious Fruit Rot’ (IFR) Detection using Image Processing
    ( 2020-01-01)
    Nurul Syahirah Khalid
    ;
    Shazmin Aniza Abdul Shukor
    ;
    Fathinul Syahir Ahmad Sa'ad
    Bruising and internal defects detection is a huge concern for food safety supplied to the consumers. Similar to many other agricultural products, Harumanis cv. has non-uniform quality at harvesting stage. Traditionally, in adapting the specific gravity approach, farmers and agriculturist will estimate the absence of ‘Insidious Fruit Rot’ (IFR) in Harumanis cv. by using floating techniques based on differences in density concept. However, this method is inconvenient and time consuming. In this research, image processing is explored as a method for non-destructive measurement of specific gravity to predict the absence of ‘Insidious Fruit Rot’ (IFR) in Harumanis cv. The predicted specific gravity of 500 Harumanis cv. samples were used and compared with the actual result where it yielded a high correlation,R2 at 0.9055 and accuracy is 82.00%. The results showed that image processing can be applied for non-destructive Harumanis cv. quality evaluation in detecting IFR.
      10  37
  • Publication
    Hand-held shelf life decay detector for non-destructive fruits quality assessment
    ( 2024)
    Nurul Syahirah Khalid
    ;
    Nordiana Shariffudiin
    ;
    Shazmin Aniza Abdul Shukor
    ;
    Humairah Mansor
    ;
    Masturah Tunnur Mohamad Talib
    ;
    Sukhairi Sudin
    ;
    Ismail I. Ibrahim
    ;
    Mohd Zamri Hasan
    ;
    Siti Marhainis Othman
    ;
    N.D.N Dalila
    ;
    M.Thaqif B.N Ashimi
    Perishable food such as fruits have a limited shelf life and can quickly degrade if not properly stored. One method for detecting decay in these foods is the use of ethylene gas. Ethylene is a naturally occurring hormone that is released by fruits as they ripen. By measuring the levels of ethylene in the storage area, it is possible to detect when fruits and vegetables are starting to degrade. This information can then be used to act, such as removing spoiled produce and adjusting storage conditions, to extend the shelf life of the remaining products. By utilizing ethylene gas for early detection of decay, it is possible to improve food safety and reduce food waste. The project aims to utilized ethylene gas from perishable food such as fruits before decay. This project proposed portable or hand-held detection ethylene gas by including temperature and humidity. The sensor will be measuring the level of ethylene gas, temperature and humidity. Next, machine learning method; K-Nearest Neighbour(KNN) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed system. This project, a hand-held decay detector for perishable food products is believed can help to prevent food waste by detecting early signs of spoilage in fruits.
      4  2
  • Publication
    IoT-based Carbon Monoxide (CO) Real-Time Warning System Application in Vehicles
    ( 2021-12-01)
    Kamarudin A.A.A.
    ;
    Nurul Syahirah Khalid
    ;
    Ibrahim I.I.
    ;
    Muhammad Aizat Abu Bakar
    ;
    Mahadi M.Z.
    ;
    Shukor S.A.A.
    ;
    Sukhairi Sudin
    ;
    Hasan M.Z.
    ;
    Mansor H.
    The project is about develop a system and application for detect the presence of Carbon Monoxide(CO) in car, since recently there are many cases of drowning while sleeping in car due to inhaling CO. The build system are able to detect the presence of CO and provide warning about level of CO to the users. It uses Blynk application to monitors level of CO inside the vehicle, MQ-9 gas sensor as the input sensor, ESP 8266 as medium to send data to the application via IoT-based and the level concentration of CO is displayed on the LCD in real-time displayed. For the output, it has 3 different condition based on the level concentration of CO. This project has been testing in six different situation. Based on the result, ambience air and in car with open window situation have lowest of CO level. Meanwhile, the highest of CO level is detect in smoke that are produced from fuel combustion of the car exhaust at distance 5 cm. Additionally, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to analysed the ability of this system in clustering for each situation. As a result, PCA have clearly clustering data for every situation with the value of PC1 is 71.82% and PC2 is 28.18%, hence it is verified that the build system is able to applied in detecting the presence of CO. This project is believed able in helping to reduce the numbers of cases people drowning while sleeping due to inhaling CO in the car.
      29  5
  • Publication
    Development of five port reflectometer for reflection based sensing system
    ( 2017-03-13)
    Setno Baharuddin
    ;
    Cheng Ee Meng
    ;
    Lee Kim Yee
    ;
    Siti Khadijah Za'aba
    ;
    Nurul Syahirah Khalid
    ;
    Zulkifly Abbas
    ;
    Nashrul Fazli Mohd Nasir
    ;
    Mohd Afendi Rojan
    ;
    Zulkarnay Zakaria
    Five-Port Reflectometer is a microwave passivedevice where it implements the six-port algorithm to measure the complex reflection coefficient of material under test (MUT) through reflection on interface between MUT and microwave sensor. Initially, the Six-Port Reflectometer (SPR) was introduced by Engen in 1977 and major component used insix-port technique was designed in many types. When Riblet and Hanssonproposed ring junction with 5 ports only on 1981. Six ports ring junction has been reduced to five ports. In this paper, a dual frequency five ports ring junction circuit was designed, simulated and fabricated for reflection based sensing system. The fabricated five port ring junction is operating at frequencies of 0.64 GHz and 2.42 GHz. The measured result had good agreement with the simulated results for dual frequencies in terms of magnitude and phase.
      36  6
  • Publication
    Design of Remote Warning System for Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) Power Shortage via Internet of Things (IOT)
    ( 2021-12-01)
    Quan L.H.
    ;
    Mohd Zamri Hasan
    ;
    Nurul Syahirah Khalid
    Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) is an electro-magnetic device designed to cut off the circuit when an overcurrent occurs. This MCB system is essential in many fields that involved with electric and commonly found in industry, it will protect the electric component in the circuit from short circuit. The Internet of Things (IoT) technology is a new profound technology which will lead to a better and easy lifestyle world. One of the benefits of IoT system is the worker can monitor their work from home. With this new and promising technology, most of the work can be done at home by using mobile phone or a computer. As the title of the project presented, the project developed a microcontroller to monitor the MCB using the technology of the Blynk as the IoT platform. The system will send a message to the user to inform about the trips through a mobile phone by the Blynk application. At the same time, the alternating current (AC) of the MCB is record and graph at the mobile application.
      3  16