Browsing by Type "Book Series"
  • Publication
    2 × 1 Circularly Polarized Rectangular Microstrip Patch Array Antenna
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Sabri N.H.M.
    ;
    Jamlos M.A.
    ;
    Seng L.Y.
    This paper presents a high gain of 2 × 1 circularly polarized rectangular microstrip array antenna for wide communication. This paper study the design and the simulation of the array antenna in terms of S-parameter, antenna gain, and the axial ratio. The 2 × 1 array antenna with dimension of 130 × 80 mm is proposed. The presented design is composed of two elements of microstrip patch antenna with an array configuration. The truncated edge of the patch and the inclined slot are the techniques used in order to achieve circular polarized capability. The antenna is fed by microstrip transmission line with full ground plane and etched on Rogers RT 5880 substrate with 2.2 and 0.51 mm of dielectric constant and thickness respectively. The antenna substrate is layered by 3 layers in order to increase the substrate thickness to 1.53 mm. The patch antenna is fed by using microstrip transmission line which separated into two lines based on the number of radiating elements. The quarter wave impedance matching technique is used to match the radiating patch. The 50 Ω transmission line are utilized to be matching between 70 Ω and 100 Ω. The 2 × 1 array antenna achieved a gain of 10.77 dB with a return loss of −24. 63 dB at a desired frequency of 5.8 GHz.
  • Publication
    A Case Study of Coffee Sachets Production Defect Analysis Using Pareto Analysis, P-Control Chart and Ishikawa Diagram
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Idris N.I.
    ;
    Sin T.C.
    ;
    Safwati Ibrahim
    ;
    FadzliRamli M.
    ;
    Rosmaini Ahmad
    Nowadays, food and beverages companies in Malaysia are struggle to survive with their rival, hence improving quality and increase productivity are vital. This paper propose the method of analysis a coffee sachet production defectives by using statistical process control (SPC) tools and also to identify each types of defects with their root cause. This paper are using methodology of physical observation through examination of automated production flow line, then Ishikawa cause-and-effect diagram are created. The company valid information are obtained from the professional such as production managers, quality control executives and line supervisors, also staffs and operators that direct or indirectly involves the production line activities through interview and distributed feedback form. After that, a Pareto diagram analysis is done hence creating a control chart (p-chart) to illustrate the result analysis. The result shows there are high number of product defectives according to each type and waste production occur. The problem found was underweight, leaking, overweight, empty, unsealed and height out of the standard. The major causes of defectives coffee sachet and root causes of each defect types are specified which are human, machine, work methods, and materials. While the main root cause of underweight and leaking defect are caused by unskilled worker and improper adjustment at the machine each time before running the production.
  • Publication
    A comparative review of adaptive routing approach for network-on-chip router architecture
    ( 2018-01-01)
    Zulkefli F.W.
    ;
    Ehkan P.
    ;
    Warip M.N.M.
    ;
    Phing N.Y.
    ;
    Zakaria F.F.
    Based on Moore’s prediction, the future integrated systems will contain billions of transistors with hundreds of IP core to undergo complex multimedia delivery and networks services. In order to continue the relevancy of Moore’s law, Network-on-Chip (NoC) architectures have been proposed. The bus structure in System-on-Chip (SoC) is swapped by a network with routers and wires. Routers in NoC are responsible to route packets based on the routing algorithms. For various system, there are a lot of different algorithms to suit with each system requirement. Routing algorithm is further divided into two which include oblivious routing algorithm and adaptive routing algorithm. This paper presents a review of different types of well-known router architecture in NoC. The routers are classified by respect to the adaptive routing algorithms with a view of the performance characteristics depending on the application requirements in NoC. The outline and features of several router architectures are reviewed and analyzed.
  • Publication
    A Comparative Study on Generation and Composition of Food Waste in Desa Pandan Kuala Lumpur During Covid-19 Outbreak
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Irnis Azura Zakaria
    ;
    Rashidy N.A.
    ;
    Tengku Nuraiti Tengku Izhar
    ;
    Ngaa M.H.
    ;
    Laslo L.
    Food waste is a type of solid waste that is heavily influenced by consumers. The composition (%) and the total weight generation (kg) of food waste were determined during the Covid-19 outbreak. The data was obtained by direct weighing of the food waste collected where it was generated throughout the day. Findings have shown that 63.3% of the composition of uncooked food waste types identified is generated by internal organs, vegetables, fruits, and eggshells, while 36.7% of the identified composition of cooked food waste types is generated by rice and noodles, bones, vegetables, fruits, and others in Desa Pandan. During six days of collection, the total food waste generated by 30 households, 10 restaurants, and 3 schools was 146.5 kg (0.20 kg/capita/day), 231.7 kg (0.026 kg/capita/day), and 155.4 kg (0.010 kg/capita/day) respectively. A food waste awareness survey was conducted online with 100 respondents using Google Forms. Findings show that the Covid-19 pandemic did influence people's attitudes and practices regarding food purchase, management, and consumption habits, all of which have a substantial impact on reducing food waste generation at the household level.
  • Publication
    A comparison study of font reconstruction using differential evolution
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Roslan N.
    ;
    Yahya Z.R.
    ;
    Muhamad W.Z.A.W.
    ;
    Rusdi N.A.
    The use of Differential Evolution (DE) to simultaneously optimize parameter t and middle control points (P1 and P2) of cubic Bézier curve is presented in this paper. The main objective of this research is to reduce the error of the numerical result. In addition, the numerical result from this research also being compared with the previous article [4] and [5]. The main steps involved are boundary extraction and corner point detection of the images. Then, followed by the process of DE in optimizing the parameter t and middle control points. Finally, by using the optimized value, the piecewise cubic Bézier curve is fitted to each segment. In addition, the Sum Square Error (SSE) has been used as an objective function to calculate the distance of the fitted Cubic Bézier curve with the boundary of the original images. The numerical result for this research produced more errors because of two parameter value that were optimized has been run simulataneously. The result that has been obtained does not guarantee that this algorithm is not good because the use of DE is subjective. DE is an interesting algorithm that can be explored in more detail and can be applied in various problems. The new research of DE can be extended more to its various mutation strategies.
  • Publication
    A Comprehensive Evaluation of Pozzolanic Activity of Ancient Brick Powders Wastes—BPW in Cement Based Materials
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Moncea Mihaela-Andreea
    ;
    Deák G.
    ;
    Dumitru F.D.
    ;
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    The recovery potential of bricks wastes in obtaining environmental friendly materials is sustained by their pozzolanic properties, which can be exploited within a Portland cement—brick powder waste (BPW) system, thus reducing the amount of waste as well as the consumption of raw materials and CO2 emissions from cement factories. These properties were intensively studied and reported in the literature, for their assessment often being used direct analytical methods to highlight the presence of Ca(OH)2 and its subsequent reduction in abundance with time as the pozzolanic reaction proceeds. Since it is more difficult to quantify the pozzolanic activity of calcined clay in a Portland cement /brick powder mixture, for the present work classical determinations, such as thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were combined with the individual assessment of BPW in terms of pozzolanicity in order to study the variation of the Ca2+ respectively OH− ions concentration within a BWP—lime saturated solution. SEM analyses showed CH and CSH formation and the DTA curve highlighted a more intense peak around 500 °C after 28 days of hydration, where the Ca(OH)2 decomposition take place. The pozzolanicity test results showed a pronounced decrease of Ca2+ concentration after 28 days.
      4
  • Publication
    A Design of a Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Higher-Order Mode in the Shape of Rectangle for 5G Application
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Ismail S.B.
    ;
    Aziz M.F.b.A.
    ;
    Yasin M.N.M.
    In this paper, the rectangular-shaped dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) operating on higher-order mode for the fifth generation (5G) communication applications is designed and presented. The millimeter-wave band was considered as a potential carrier frequency that is important to be one of the 5G technologies. The millimeter-wave band around 20–300 GHz was chosen to offer a large bandwidth, high gain, and minimum size to support higher data transmission in wireless communication. The proposed DR antenna is excited by using a microstrip feed line and designed at the operating frequency of 28 GHz. The Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 material having a thickness of 0.254 mm and a dielectric constant of 2.2 is used for the substrate. The commercial CST microwave studio (CST MWS) software is used for the optimization and simulation of the antenna design. In this research, the result is based on different dimension of the rectangular-shaped antenna by decreasing 2.9% and 1.1% the value of height and width respectively, but the value length is increased about 3.6% from the benchmark antenna design. The results indicate that the proposed antenna design produced a better performance about in the range of 1.5% to 7.2% in regard to return loss, bandwidth VSWR, gain, and directivity. Thus, the proposed antenna design is suitable for future 5G wireless communication applications.
  • Publication
    A fast and efficient segmentation of soil-transmitted helminths through various color models and k-means clustering
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Norhanis Ayunie Ahmad Khairudin
    ;
    Aimi Salihah Abdul Nasir
    ;
    Lim Chee Chin
    ;
    Haryati Jaafar
    ;
    Mohamed Z.
    Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are one of the causes of health problems in children and adults. Based on a large number of helminthiases cases that have been diagnosed, a productive system is required for the identification and classification of STH in ensuring the health of the people is guaranteed. This paper presents a fast and efficient method to segment two types of STH; Ascaris Lumbricoides Ova (ALO) and Trichuris Trichiura Ova (TTO) based on the analysis of various color models. Firstly, the ALO and TTO images are enhanced using modified global contrast stretching (MGCS) technique, followed by the extraction of color components from various color models. In this study, segmentation based on various color models such as RGB, HSV, L*a*b and NSTC have been used to identify, simplify and extract the particular color needed. Then, k-means clustering is used to segment the color component images into three clusters region which are target (helminth eggs), unwanted and background regions. Then, additional processing steps are applied on the segmented images to remove the unwanted region from the images and to restore the information of the images. The proposed techniques have been evaluated on 100 images of ALO and TTO. Results obtained show saturation component of HSV color model is the most suitable color component to be used with the k-means clustering technique on ALO and TTO images which achieve segmentation performance of 99.06% for accuracy, 99.31% for specificity and 95.06% for sensitivity.
      2
  • Publication
    A Framework for Timely Delivery of Serviced Vehicles in Automotive Service Garages Using a Rough—DEMATEL Technique
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Thomas K.
    ;
    Uthayakumar M.
    ;
    Bathrinath S.
    ;
    Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid
    ;
    Koppiahraj K.
    The rise in global automotive utilization has increased the need for service garages. However, maintenance service providers face numerous problems at all phases of their operations. The challenges to the timely delivery of a serviced car are identified and analyzed in this study. This paper uses expert opinion, garage survey, and literature to identify issues for the prompt delivery of automotive service vehicles. The rough decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) approach establishes and assesses these barriers. This paper identifies a total of twenty-seven barriers to vehicle service through a literature review. The result indicates that misleading of the technician, lack of manpower, more demand work, lack of skilled technician, delivery time already postponed service vehicle are the most critical challenges in the timely delivery of serviced vehicles. The outcome of the work will help the stakeholders and decision-makers to make a customer-friendly service station. This study reveals the critical challenges to delivering the vehicle on time to the customer.
  • Publication
    A Hybrid Optimization Approach for Power Loss Reduction and Voltage Profile Improvement in Distribution System
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Noor Najwa Husnaini Mohammad Husni
    ;
    Siti Rafidah Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Mohd Rafi Adzman
    In the past decades, the electrical power system is designed and developed to satisfy the owner demand that continuously appears in many variations. Hence, engineers have put their full effort to solve the problem associated with electrical power systems that come and might arise in the future. Therefore, distributed generation (DG) has been introduced to solve multiple electrical power system problems. The proposed methodology presented in this study focuses on minimizing network power losses, improving the voltage profile of system operation, and security constraints in a distribution. It is known that the location and capacity of DG play significant roles in the system losses in a distribution system. A hybrid metaheuristic nature-inspired algorithm is presented in this study for optimal location and sizing of multiple DG units. The best location and optimal sizing of DGs will be determined through Hybrid metaheuristic of Artificial Immune System Firefly Algorithm (AISFA). The designated technique will be tested into IEEE-69 test system using MATLAB software. For reducing the power losses, the simulation results have shown that bus 61 is the best location for reducing power losses and improving voltage profile in IEEE-69 test system in the preliminary result. By installing DG at bus 61, the real power losses improve about 89%, with a voltage profile improvement index up to 1.249099.
  • Publication
    A Hybrid Sentiment Based SVM with Metaheuristic Algorithms for Cryptocurrency Forecasting
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Hitam N.A.
    ;
    Ismail A.R.
    ;
    Syed Zulkarnain Syed Idrus
    ;
    Eltayeb M.A.M.A.
    ;
    Samsudin R.
    ;
    Jussila J.
    ;
    Alkhammash E.H.
    In 2016, cryptocurrency was reported to be active in terms of user adoption. Generally speaking, making the correct forecast is essential in any field, but it is more important in cryptocurrencies. Researchers have studied machine learning algorithms with cryptocurrencies, a concept that has been recently presented and has a great future as a financial instrument for investors. However, previous studies have ignored key variables like emotions and public opinion, which are vital in today’s market. The next contribution to this project will be a hybrid sentiment-based support vector machine (SVM) with chosen optimization methods for bitcoin predictions. Additionally, we integrate a technical indicator, the Commodity Channel Index (CCI), which is utilised in conjunction with the machine learning approach to improve the results of time series forecasting. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and moth-flame optimization (MFO) are effective at optimising functions. This work introduces a novel hybrid sentiment-based SVM optimised by particle swarm and moth-flame algorithms (SVMPSOMFO) to improve predicting accuracy. SVMPSOMFO optimises the model’s parameter values by combining PSO and MFO, which increases search capacity and efficiency. The suggested algorithm’s performance is compared to that of three optimization algorithms, SVMPSO, SVMMFO, and SVMALO. SVMPSOMFO outperforms other algorithms based on performance and comparative study.
  • Publication
    A Literature Review on Occupational Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSD) Among Industrial Workers in Malaysia
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Isa M.S.M.
    ;
    Nurhidayah Omar
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    Occupational musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are quite common among industrial workers. Repetitively lifting, bending, pushing, pulling and standing are the major causes to the occupational diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the occupational musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among industrial workers in Malaysia. Data for this study was collected via Science Direct, Google Scholar, IEEE Explore Digital Library, and Scopus for the analysis to the industrial workers in various Malaysia industries from 2010–2019. The results showed manufacturing industry had the highest MSD cases where 40 manufacturing industries were reported in literature. For the body movements, 59 lifting movements were reported and was the most common movement used by the workers to perform their task which might lead to the injuries of body parts particularly on lower back and shoulder. Appropriate intervention is needed to tackle the MSD issues among the workers.
      2
  • Publication
    A Preliminary Investigation on The Correlation Between the Arrival Time of Ultrasonic Signals and The Concrete Condition
    ( 2024-01-01)
    Mohamad F.A.J.
    ;
    AA. Ahmad
    ;
    Rahim R.A.
    ;
    Ibrahim S.
    ;
    Jamaludin J.
    ;
    Ahmad N.
    ;
    Yunus F.R.M.
    ;
    Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman
    ;
    Zaini N.A.H.S.
    Concrete is a composite material that is widely used in a construction project. The evaluation of concrete structure is very important in order to determine its strength and quality. Concrete is commonly evaluated by using the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) method, which adopted the concept of measuring time of a first arrival of the received signal. Hence, this paper aims to evaluate the first arrival time of the detected ultrasonic signals based on different conditions of concrete structure. A simulation study was conducted by using COMSOL Multiphysics software version 5.6. Data collected were categorized into three sections, including in concrete model with inclusion of air hole, crack, and rust. From the simulation results, concrete models with inclusion of air hole showed an increment in the arrival time as the size of air hole increase. For the concrete models with rust, the arrival time were significantly increased in 20-mm and 40-mm rust, however it turns down as the size of rust reached 60-mm. The results also indicated that transverse crack took a longer arrival time compared to other orientation of crack.
  • Publication
    A PSPT-MAC Mechanism for Congestion Avoidance in Wireless Body Area Network
    ( 2020-01-01)
    Wan Abdullah W.A.N.
    ;
    Yaakob N.
    ;
    R Badlishah Ahmad
    ;
    Elobaid M.E.
    ;
    Azemi S.N.
    ;
    Yah S.A.
    A Remote Health Monitoring System (RHMS) is known as one of the promising applications that has been successfully developed with the help of Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) technology nowadays. This RHMS offers a continuous monitoring of health’s status by sensing and collecting the physiological signals (medical data) from bio-sensors that are attached or implanted in the body. Then, these medical data are furthered transmitted to the clinicians to diagnose the diseases. If any abnormalities are detected, a quick medical actions would be carried out. However, these collections of medical data could lead to heavy traffic which increase the risk of data congestion in the network. Congestion could severely impact the overall’s network performances in terms of longer delay and packet loss. Thus, a Priority Selective Packet Timeslot (PSPT-MAC) mechanism is proposed to avoid congestion during transmitting these bulk of medical data in the network. This mechanism is initiated by classifying and prioritizing the data according to their importance through ECG Packet Classification and Prioritization (ECG-PCP) mechanism. Later, corrupted packets are earlier discarded by Prioritized Selective Packet Discarding (P-SPD) mechanism to save the limited network’s resources. Finally, the remain packets (after discarding packets from P-SPD mechanism) undergo fragmentation according to slot time via Fragmentation based Slot Time MAC (FST-MAC) mechanism in the MAC IEEE 802.15.4 protocol. From the findings, this mechanism has outperformed the standard IEEE 802.15.4 protocol and FCA-MAC mechanism by yielding low delay and packet loss as well as high throughput and packet delivery ratio (PDR) under different number of nodes in the network.
      2
  • Publication
    A Review of Agricultural Product Characterization Using Microwave Sensor
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Lee Y.S.
    ;
    You K.Y.
    ;
    Jack S.P.
    ;
    Gan H.S.
    ;
    Hoon W.F.
    ;
    Jamlos M.A.
    ;
    Gooi A.
    This paper presents a review on characterization of agricultural product using various type of microwave sensor. Interaction between EM waves with materials are described. Interaction between microwave and agricultural product are considering a wide range of frequencies and applications such as detection of dielectric properties, moisture content, heating mechanisms, and product control. Each of the Agricultural product has their unique dielectric properties, it can be characterized by frequency dependent parameters such as dielectric properties and moisture content. By analyzing the unique dielectric properties of the agricultural products, the moisture content and the heating mechanisms can be distinguished by measuring the changes in dielectric properties and concentration of agricultural products. Additionally, this paper also emphasis on a clear demarcation of open-ended coaxial probe, planar antenna, rectangular waveguide, and horn antennas as microwave sensor and their applications.
  • Publication
    A Review on Deep Convolutional Neural Network Architectures for Medical Image Segmentation
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Nik Hasnida Awang Mustapa
    ;
    Mohd Hanafi Mat Som
    ;
    Khairul Salleh Basaruddin
    ;
    Megat Syahirul Amin Megat Ali
    Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) image segmentation by using Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) is yet to be evaluated. The segmentation of OI is very important as a useful tool for medical experts to further analyze the fracture risk and avoid bone fractures. In this paper, we present the review of DCNN architecture used in image segmentation. The images were obtained from different types of modalities such as Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), or Ultrasound. Several architectures have been used by previous studies include U-Net, faster R-CNN, ResNet, and MS-Net architecture to automatically segment the images. Overall, all researchers from the reviewed papers concluded that the proposed DCNN architecture gave good performance results.
      2
  • Publication
    A Short Review on Multi-stage Application in Fluidization Systems
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Silmie M.S.M.
    ;
    Mohd Al-Hafiz Mohd Nawi
    ;
    Ishak M.I.
    ;
    Rosli M.U.
    ;
    Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
    ;
    Khor Chu Yee
    ;
    Faris M.A.
    ;
    Marzuki M.A.B.
    This research focuses on the implementation of an approach of multi-stage in fluidization systems in various aspects. The multi-stage fluidized bed has been proposed to improve the process and function of fluidization systems based on the current of the single-stage methods. The detailed of single-stage fluidization interaction method provides a realistic visualization of airflow and fluidization system interaction. In this article, a variant application, involving in multi-stage fluidized bed has been reviewed. In a few articles were analyzed, each manuscript was evaluated based on the scientific work via fluidization systems. The experimental study and analysis of airflow characteristics was a valuable tool to understand this phenomenon of the multi-stage fluidized bed process. Then the parameter, flow properties, activities of the multi-stage fluidized bed systems have been considered to the current swirling fluidized bed being applied to study. As a result of this short review, each multi-stage fluidized bed has its capability and suitability for its products and studies. Finally, the concentration of multi-stage fluidized bed is also highlighted in these manuscripts.
  • Publication
    A study of non-gaussian properties in emotional eeg in stroke using higher-order statistics
    ( 2020-01-01)
    Yean C.W.
    ;
    Murugappan M.
    ;
    Omar M.I.
    ;
    Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Zheng B.S.
    ;
    Raj A.N.J.
    ;
    Ibrahim Z.
    The stroke patients often suffered from emotional disturbances, and this leads to perceive emotions differently than normal control subjects; the emotional impairment of the stroke patients can be effectively analyzed using EEG signal. The EEG signal has been known to have non-Gaussian properties, and the non-Gaussianity characteristics of the EEG differ under different emotional states. The analysis of non-Gaussianity in EEG signal was performed by using higher-order statistics measures such as the skewness and kurtosis. In this study, the non-Gaussianity was examined in the emotional EEG signal of stroke patients and normal control subjects. The estimation of the emotional EEG distribution from the results was symmetrically non-Gaussian for both stroke and normal groups. Particularly, it was found that the normal subjects have more non-Gaussian EEG distribution than the stroke patients.
  • Publication
    A Study on the Effect of Hybrid Nanolubricant on Cutting Energy During Turning of Inconel 718 Under Minimum Quantity Lubricant Approach
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Shariff M.A.H.M.
    ;
    Rahim Y.A.
    ;
    Khalil A.N.M.
    ;
    Ali A.M.
    ;
    Azmi A.I.
    ;
    Salleh H.M.
    A new type of technology that is evolving today is hybrid nanolubricants. The word hybrid can be considered to form a homogeneous phase of different materials that are a mixture of physical and chemical properties. Thus, hybrid nanolubricant refers to combination in base oil, two or more types of nanoparticles. Compared to traditional nanolubricants, hybrid nanolubricants have a great improvement in thermal or rheological properties. Application of hybrid nanolubricant in machining hard to cut alloy can be beneficial due to its excellent friction reducer and heat transfer properties. Lack of finding on benefits of the hybrid nanolubricants cutting fluids requires further exploration. Hence, in this work, the contrariety of several hybrid nanolubricant in terms of cutting energy and spindle power during turning of Inconel 718 was tested. Hybrid nanolubricant (Al2O3 + ZnO, 1:1) was found to be superior in reducing the cutting energy meanwhile hybrid nanolubricant (Al2O3 + SiO2, 2:1) managed to reduce the spindle power effectively as compared to other tested cooling condition. Hybrid nanolubricant is a potential cutting fluid for hard to cut alloy.
      1
  • Publication
    A Study on the Environmental Impact During Distribution and Disposal Stages for the 3-Ply Face Masks by Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Chow Suet Mun Christine
    ;
    Tengku Nuraiti Tengku Izhar
    ;
    Irnis Azura Zakaria
    ;
    Sara Yasina Yusuf
    ;
    Ayu Wazira Azhari
    ;
    Boboc M.
    The demand of face masks had increased tremendously due to pandemic outbreak of COVID-19, leading to the increment production rate of face masks in Malaysia. Waste is also produced at the same time, resulting impacts towards the environment. Due to the land scarcity issue in Malaysia, the end of life treatment for the waste is taken into consideration. The study tools used in this study is life cycle assessment (LCA) to identify the significant potential environmental impact produced during the life cycle stages for distribution and disposal through GaBi Education Software. The disposal stage between landfill and incineration of the 3-Ply face masks is studied to determine the end of life treatment for it. The impact assessment method selected in this study is CML 2001-Jan 2016 with the environmental indicator of Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), Eutrophication Potential (EP) and Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP). GWP results in producing highest impact to the environment during both distribution and disposal stages. The impact of GWP also relates to the climate change. Modern incineration is recommended to overcome the issue of land scarcity in Malaysia as the amount of waste by 3-Ply face masks are increasing due to the pandemic COVID-19, reducing the impacts towards the environment.